阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Louis Armstrong, the most influential jazz musicians, is considered great not only because of his1. (achieve) but also because of his personalities.
2.(bear) in a poor family in New Orleans in 1901, instead of3.(commit) crimes to get money like some boys in his situation, Louis would sing on the streets in order to earn a few cents from4.(passer-by).However, at the age of 12, Louis was arrested because of firing a gun into the air at a New Year’s Eve party.In a school of problem boys, he was taught to play drums and the trumpet,5. enabled him to find work related with music after he left the school.A well-known musician Joe “King” Oliver noticed Louis and began to teach him about jazz.When Oliver left New Orleans in 1917，Louis took 6.his job in one of the best bands in town.
After becoming famous, Louis would introduce his particular style of jazz to enthusiastic audiences while 7.(travel) around the United States as well as Europe.Apart from being a famous jazz musician, he was also an unofficial goodwill ambassador who spoke8.(public) about the rights of black people in America. Despite the fact9.he became rich and famous, Louis Armstrong continued to live a simple live in a working-class neighbourhood.He continued playing and recording until July 6th, 1971, when he died in his sleep at his home in New York.He is still remembered as the most10.(distinguish) musician in the early history of jazz.
You may be surprised to see “making sure children never suffer” as a mistake. The following ___may help you understand how rescuing children from all suffering ______ weakness.
A little boy felt sorry for a butterfly ______ to emerge from its chrysalis(蛹）. He decided to___the butterfly. So he peeled the chrysalis open for the butterfly. The little boy was so ______ to watch the butterfly spread its wings and fly off into the sky. Then he was horrified ______ he watched the butterfly fall to the ground and die because it did not have the muscle and ______ to keep flying. In fact, the butterfly’s struggle to ______ the chrysalis helps the butterfly become stronger.
Like the little boy, ______ too often want to protect their children from struggle in the ___of love. They don’t realize that their children need to struggle, to experience ______, to deal with disappointment, and to solve their own problems. Only in this way ______ children strengthen their emotional strength, become ______ and develop the skills necessary for the even bigger struggles they will meet throughout their lives. Children experiencing sufferings can ______ the ups and downs of life.
However, it isn’t helpful either in this case when parents ______ lectures(训斥), blame and shame to what the child is experiencing. Mothers _____ to say, “Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy. You can’t always get what you want.” These ______ words should be avoided. Instead, parents can offer loving support. You can say, “Don’t lose ______ . Be brave! You will succeed if you try again.” Then comes the tough part—no ______ and no lectures. Simply allow him to discover that he can ______ his disappointment and figure out what he can do to get what he wants in the future.
1.A. saying B. experiment C. proverb D. story
2.A. damages B. creates C. experiences D. burns
3.A. turning B. devoting C. struggling D. coming
4.A. help B. feed C. kill D. rescue
5.A. moved B. depressed C. puzzled D. excited
6.A. until B. as C. before D. since
7.A. strength B. energy C. power D. force
8.A. do away from B. get away with C. get along with D. come up with
9.A. teachers B. relatives C. parents D. friends
10.A. case B. charge C. name D. course
11.A. friendships B. scholarships C. hardships D. relationships
12.A. should B. can C. do D. are
13.A. warm-hearted B. strong-willed C. absent-mind D. cold-blooded
14.A. expect B. predict C. survive D. avoid
15.A. add B. adapt C. devote D. contribute
16.A. pretend B. happen C. seem D. tend
17.A. inspiring B. discouraging C. interesting D. touching
18.A. sight B. face C. heart D. weight
19.A. parking B. smoking C. drinking D. rescuing
20.A. get through B. get over C. get across D. get away
One of the common complaints we hear from the people around us are problems they are facing. Every day and everywhere there are problems. Many times we find it hard to stay happy. When one problem is solved, another one comes up. How to solve them? The answer is that we must equip ourselves to deal with different kinds of worries by learning the three basic steps of problem analysis. The three steps are:
Get the facts
Why is it so important to get the facts? Unless you have the facts, you can’t possibly attempt to solve your problem intelligently. Without the facts, all you can do is wondering around in confusion. It is not an easy job to get facts. When you are worried, your emotions are riding high. 1.
When trying to get the facts, you can pretend that you are collecting this information not for yourself but for some other person. 2. You can also pretend that you are a lawyer preparing to agree. Try to get all the facts both on your side and the other side of the case. You will generally find the truth lies somewhere in between.
3.
Whenever you are worried, write down the questions that make you worry. And write out all the various steps you could take and then the probable consequences of each step. For example, what am I worrying about? What can I do about it? Here is what I’m going to do about it. After carefully weighing all the facts, you can calmly come to a decision.
Act on that decision.
4. How can you break the worry habit before it breaks you? Crowd worry out of your mind by keeping busy. Plenty of action is one of the best ways to cure worry.
5. If you know a situation is beyond your power, say to yourself: “It is so; it can’t be otherwise.” Don’t permit little things to ruin your happiness. Try to cultivate a mental attitude that will bring you peace and happiness.
A. This will help you to take a cold and fair view of the evidence.
B. Unless you take your action, all your fact-finding and analysis is a sheer waste of energy.
C. But here are two ideas that can help you see the facts in a clear and objective way.
D. Analyze the facts.
E. There comes a time when you must decide and never look back.
F. Decide how much anxiety a thing may be worth.
G. Accept what can’t be avoided.
Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict(“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation(“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young(“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”).
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
1.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
2.What can be learned from the passage?
A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistances to stress.
B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
3.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. How men and women suffer from stress
B. How men and women get over stress
C. How researchers overcome stress problems
D. How researchers handle stress-related disorder
This could be the perfect gift for the partner, who embarrasses you on the dance floor. Smart socks, which can teach to dance, may be the answer for anyone with two left feet.
The socks have been developed as a running tool to help runners improve their skills. Thanks to the socks, users can accurately record not only how far and fast they run but also how well. It means the user maximizes their performance, and reduces damage to body and prevents hurt. The hi-tech socks are made of special fibers that watch the movements of your feet. They look, feel and can be washed like normal clothes.
Sensors (传感器) record each movement and send it by an ankle transmitter (脚踝发射器) to a smart phone. Then a “virtual coach” application shows the information and can tell the user what they are doing wrong, and help to improve skill in any task with feet.
The socks should be useful to athletes and weekend joggers. “People think running is so easy and of course everybody can do it but not necessarily safely and well,” Dr Davide Vigano said. A recent study showed that between 60 and 80 percent of runners got hurt per year. This is pretty much more than any other human activity. Researchers say the technology can also be developed to teach people how to dance, play sports such golf, or even to help to teach women to walk better in high heels.
Mr. Vigano said, “People could all benefit from the idea. We have had interest from all sorts of sports, like skiing, football, cycling and golf. Anything where you have to use your feet can use it. It could even be put in high heels to help women walk in them safely.”
Socks are just the start, and the technology could be used in gloves, hats and boots. The socks, anklet and software package, are expected to be sold for around £120, which will go on sale in March.
1.What does the underlined part “anyone with two left feet” refer to?
A. People who are disabled. B. People who are interested in dancing.
C. People who invented the socks. D. People who are not good at dancing.
2.What’s special about fibers that the socks are made of?
A. They feel much softer than normal clothes.
B. They can monitor the movement of feet.
C. They are expensive to produce.
D. They act as a smart phone for users.
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the socks?
A. They can improve the skill of running.
B. They can help women walk better in high heels.
C. They can teach people to dance well.
D. They can be worn for days without washing.
4.According to Dr Vigano, _________.
A. everyone can make good use of the smart socks
B. users can run as fast as they like with the socks
C. 60 to 80 percent of runners would like to buy the smart socks
D. no runners will get hurt, thanks to the socks
Do you believe that things are connected for no scientific reason at all? For example, do you avoid saying the word “four” to avoid bad luck? If so, you have a superstition (迷信). And you’re not alone — all kinds of people have them.
For example, Portugal’s soccer superstar Cristiano Ronaldo always steps onto the pitch (球场) with his right foot first, according to The Telegraph. And sports players are not alone in having superstitions. A visitor once asked the Nobel Prize winning scientist Niels Bohr whether he really believed that the horseshoe he’d hung at his country home was lucky. “Of course not,” the Danish physicist said. “But I understand it’s lucky whether you believe in it or not.”
One recent study found that even scientists at MIT and other top US schools tended to look for a meaning in natural events, similar to the connection between stepping on the pitch and playing soccer well, according to The Atlantic. When the researchers gave the scientists little time to answer questions, they were twice as likely to agree with statements such as “Trees produce oxygen so that animals can breathe” as they were when they had more time to think about their reply.
It seems that fear can make people think differently in this way, too. In a British study, students imagined meeting a “witch” who said she would cast (施魔法) an evil spell(符咒) on them. About half said a scientist should not be worried about the spell. Yet each of them said that, personally, they wouldn’t let the witch do it to them.
So why are so many of us superstitious? Well, it seems to be our way of dealing with the unknown. “Many people quite simply just want to believe,” Brian Cronk, a professor of psychology at Missouri Western State University, said in a 2008 interview. “The human brain is always trying to work out why things happen, and when the reason is not clear, we tend to make up some pretty bizarre (古怪的) explanations.”
And these explanations aren’t completely unhelpful. In fact, superstitions can sometimes work and bring real luck, according to psychologists at the University of Cologne in Germany in the May 2010 issue of the journal Psychological Science. They found that believing in something can improve performance on a task like an exam.
So, what about you? What superstitions do you follow to keep you safe and successful?
1.The author mentions avoiding saying the word "four" in the opening paragraph to ________.
A. show how foolish it is to believe in superstitions
B. introduce the readers to the topic of superstitions
C. discuss the scientific reasons behind superstitions
D. prove that it is reasonable to be superstitious
2.How many superstitious practices are mentioned in the passage?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5
3.What’s the author’s attitude to superstitions?
A. Unknown. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.
4.What is the best title of the article?
A. Why superstitions are common
B. How superstitions affect our daily lives
C. How some common superstitions came into being
D. How to get rid of superstitions
