第一节 词性转换
1.attach→ n. __________________
2.persuade→ adj._________________
3.remain→adj. _________________
4.popular → v.__________________
5.reason→adv._________________
6.pure→v. _____________________
7.criticise→n.__________________
8.mercy→adj.____________________
9.fog→adj.___________________
10.responsible→opp_______________
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, more and more schools in China have rules making students wear school uniforms to school. A lot of Chinese students complain about 1. (wear) their school uniforms every day. But do American students get 2. (annoy) about their uniforms, too? American high schools usually have a dress code(衣着标准), 3. is about requirements for students' dressing. Boys at school must wear clean jackets every day. Girls are 4. (luck) than boys, for they have more flexible 5. (choose) than boys. They can either dress similarly to the boys 6. wear a dress. In general, it takes a student 10-15 minutes every morning 7. (dress) up for class. As students do in China, plenty of American students also have their complaints about school uniforms. What if students really dislike the dress code and want to get rid of it? Instead of getting punished, 8. (actual) there're ways to do that. At my school, "dress down" tickets 9. (sell) on school days. If students are willing to buy a ticket, they don't need to wear school uniforms the following day. I have a strong 10. (believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, ________ in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the ________ age of some Amazonian tree species — more than 8 million years — and ________ shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods ________ for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will ________ survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. ________ extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures ________, the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors ________ that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain ________ on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions ________ relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the ________ were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major ________ to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. While tree species seem likely to ________ higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and ________, and what remains is being degraded（使恶化）by logging（伐木）, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human ________. Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past ________.”
“With a clearer ________ of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we ________ that direct human impacts — such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining — should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive ________ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and ________ the future of most Amazon tree species.”
1.A. advertisedB. describedC. publishedD. presented
2.A. frighteningB. surprisingC. excitingD. interesting
3.A. stillB. neverthelessC. howeverD. therefore
4.A. assessB. confirmC. forecastD. promise
5.A. particularlyB. probablyC. merelyD. possibly
6.A. SinceB. AlthoughC. WhenD. If
7.A. riseB. changeC. dropD. end
8.A. considerB. decideC. guaranteeD. recommend
9.A. basedB. builtC. focusedD. made
10.A. in relation toB. in response to
C. in reply toD. in reference to
11.A. findingsB. thoughtsC. inventionsD. writings
12.A. threatsB. disadvantages
C. embarrassmentsD. instructions
13.A. acceptB. tolerateC. permitD. require
14.A. farmingB. plantingC. cateringD. mining
15.A. powerB. influenceC. desireD. violence
16.A. difficultB. clearC. easyD. important
17.A. beliefB. direction
C. understandingD. suggestion
18.A. doubtB. concludeC. calculateD. prefer
19.A. thoughtB. guidanceC. protectionD. action
20.A. secureB. advanceC. sacrificeD. evaluate
Things You Should Stop Doing to Be Successful
Are you a happy person? How often do you think of reasons why everyone around you is successful though they are not better than you in general? What do you do wrong? Here are some things you should stop doing to be successful.
1.1.
Different people may interpret “success” in different ways: some of them measure it in money, other ones in positive changes to people around them and the world in general. 2.Don’t worry about what other people think but come after what makes you happy.
2. Do not believe anything without questioning it.
3.They are critical thinkers, and they understand that we all are ruled by our prejudices(偏见), so they will always question new information.
3. Do not worry about all unpredictable things that may happen to you.
If you want to be successful, stop thinking about everything that MAY happen to you. 4.Be ready to improve and change your deeds and decisions when things suddenly don’t go according to your plan.
4. Do not care about what other people think of you.
5.Your attempts to become “good” for everyone will turn into nothing but new worries, stresses, and problems. Successful people do not concentrate on the quantity of people to please, but worry about their quality and focus on developing friendships with people they really care about.
A. Do not wait for the “right time” to do anything.
B. Do not let others decide what “success” is for you.
C. Successful people do not just accept any new information to be true.
D. As far as we all know, it’s impossible to please all the people who surround us.
E. Try to feel comfortable with the reality and accept the fact your future can’t be predicted.
F. If you want to be successful, do not let others force their interpretation of success on you.
G. Successful people never ignore or avoid problems，no matter how big and awful they seem.
Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%, according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Center.
The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found a two-way relationship between depression and physical activity. People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active, particularly at younger ages.
Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50, recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood. They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%. In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”, and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.
“Assuming the association is causal, physical activity has a protective effect against depression. If an adult between their twenties and forties who isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week, they would reduce their risks of depression by about 16%.” says Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health, lead author of the study.
Professor Mark, Director of the Public Health Research Center, said, “Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health, but now we are seeing more evidence that suggest it also has a positive effect on a person’s mental well-being. The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.”
1.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression.
B. To introduce a research on the link between activity and depression.
C. To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity.
D. To describe the disadvantages of physical activity.
2.According to the second paragraph, if people increase their weekly activity, ________.
A. their depressive symptoms will be fewer
B. their depressive symptoms will be more
C. they will become much younger
D. they will become more depressive
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Dr. Snehal thinks it important to be both physically and mentally healthy.
B. The research shows men are more active in physical activities than women.
C. Adults who insist on physical activity will reduce depression completely.
D. Increasing physical activities can free people from depression in a way.
4.The author shows his view mainly by ________.
A. doing research
B. comparing and contrasting
C. trying on himself
D. discussing and summarizing
In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房东) can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartment. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some experts argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decision, such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be corrected only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
1.There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may ________.
A. cause a shortage of apartments
B. worry those who rent apartments as homes
C. increase the profits of landlords
D. encourage landlords to invest in building apartments
2.We can safely say that rent control ________.
A. will always benefit those who rent apartments
B. is unnecessary
C. will probably bring inactive effects in the long run
D. is necessary under all conditions
3.There will be the problem of unemployment if ________.
A. the minimum wage is set too high
B. the minimum wage is set too early
C. the workers are unskilled
D. the maximum wage is set for poor workers
4.The passage tells us about ________.
A. the relationship between supply and demand
B. the possible results of government controls
C. the necessity of government control
D. the urgency of getting rid of government control
