Question

The Parthenon(帕特农神庙) in Athens is a building with a long and complex(复杂的) history. Built nearly 2,500 years ago as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin. The building was changed and the sculptures(塑像) much damaged over the centuries. By 1800 only about half of the original sculptural decoration remained.

Between 1801 and 1805, Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire(奥斯曼帝国), which controlled Athens, acting with the full knowledge and permission of the Ottoman authorities，removed about half of the remaining sculptures from the fallen ruins and from the building itself. Lord Elgin loved Greek history and transported the sculptures back to Britain. The arrival of the sculptures in London had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and influencing contemporary artistic trends. These sculptures were gained from Lord Elgin by the British Museum in 1816 and since then they have all been on show to the public, free of charge.

Since the early 1980s, however, the Greek government has argued for the return of all the Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum. They have also challenged the British Museum Board of Trustees’ legal title to the sculptures.

The British Museum, however, insists that it exists to tell the story of cultural achievement throughout the world, from the dawn of human history over two million years ago until the present day. The museum considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the world public to re-examine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world cultures.

It also says that, within the context of this unparalleled collection, the Parthenon sculptures are an important representation of ancient Athenian civilization. Each year millions of visitors admire the artistry of the sculptures and gain insights on how ancient Greece influenced — and was influenced by — the other civilizations that it came across.

1.For most of its history people went to the Parthenon to ________.

A. admire the goddess Athena

B. pray to their god

C. search for sculptures

D. learn about its complex history

2.What can we infer from the passage?

A. The sculptures introduced ancient Greek culture to the west.

B. Ancient Greek culture has greatly influenced world culture.

C. The British Museum has made much money from the Parthenon sculptures.

D. The British Museum is the most suitable place for protecting these sculptures.

3.What can we learn about Lord Elgin from the passage?

A. He is greatly admired in Greece.

B. He worked for the Ottoman Empire.

C. He saved the Parthenon sculptures from being destroyed.

D. He had a deep interest in Greek culture.

4.The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to tell________.

A. the history of the Parthenon and its sculptures

B. what people can see in the British Museum

C. why the British Museum refuses to return the sculptures

D. the influence of Greece on British culture

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.D

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：文章介绍了帕特农神庙的历史及里面的雕像被一位英国大使劫走的事，以及希腊政府和大英博物馆对雕像的争议及大英博物馆拒绝归还的原因。

1. 推理判断题。根据第一段Built nearly 2,500 years ago as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin.可知，帕特农神庙在历史上一直是祭神的地方，人们去那里是向神祈祷，故选B。

2. 推理判断题。根据第二段The arrival of the sculptures in London had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and influencing contemporary artistic trends.和倒数第二段The museum considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the world public to re-examine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world cultures.可知，古希腊文化对世界文化的巨大影响，故选B。

3. 细节推理题。根据第二段Lord Elgin loved Greek history and transported the sculptures back to Britain.可知，Lord Elgin喜欢希腊历史和文化，故选D。

4. 推理判断题。根据最后三段内容可知，本文主要是想告诉我们希腊政府和大英博物馆对雕像的争议及大英博物馆拒绝归还的原因，故选C。

考点：考查历史文化类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】

推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

一、常见的推理判断题的考法：

1)推测作者写作目的或意图。第70小题根据最后三段内容可知希腊政府和英国对雕像的争议及英国拒绝归还的原因，作者想告诉我们，故选C.

2)推测文章的观点或结论。

3)推断文章出处。

4)是非判断题。

5)逻辑排序题。

二、推理判断题的解题方法 ：

推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。比如文章第67小题根据第一段Built nearly 2,500 years ago as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin.可知帕特农神庙在历史上一直是祭神的地方，人们去那里向神祈祷，故选B.68小题根据第二段The arrival of the sculptures in London had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and influencing contemporary artistic trends.和倒数第二段The museum considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the world public to re-examine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world cultures.可知古希腊文化对世界文化的巨大影响，故选B.

任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。