Question

Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite(寄生虫) that can be caught from cat litter(猫砂), a study has found.

Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫), which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide.

The study involved more than 45,000 women in Denmark. About a third of the world's population is infected with the parasite, which hides in cells in the brain and muscles, often without producing symptoms.

The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis(弓形虫病), has been linked to mental illness, such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症), and changes in behavior.

The study's senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry(精神病学) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States, said, "We can't say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."

Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University of Maryland, said, "T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people don't realize they're infected. "

Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology(神经免疫学). Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million people commit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide."

Dr. Postolache's research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.

The T. gondii parasite thrives in the intestines(肠) of cats, and it is spread through their waste. All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats' litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercooked or raw meat.

Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.

Babies don't produce antibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places.

The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies.

Dr Postolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior.

The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.

1.The common way which is less likely to be infected with the disease is ________.

A. to eat unwashed meat or undercooked vegetables

B. to clean a place where a cat once lived for a time

C. to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a woman's pregnancy

D. to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat

2.What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage?

A. Having a high fever.

B. Doing deliberate self-harm.

C. Keeping a depressed mood.

D. Becoming bad tempered.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.

B. The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.

C. The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.

D. The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.

4.Which of the following statements would probably be the best title of the passage?

A. Why are women more likely to commit suicide?

B. Women should keep away from cats

C. Ways found to deal with women's mental problems

D. Are women who own cats at a suicide risk?

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述的是与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题。文章对此现象进行了讲述并分析了原因。

1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段1,2行Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫), which is spread through contact with cat waste可知，这种病是由于猫的粪便携带的病菌传播的，那么较好的避免传染的方法就是彻底打扫猫长时间住的地方，杀死这些病菌。故B正确。

2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知，这种病菌与人们的自杀企图是有关系的，自杀是一种自残的自我伤害的行为。故B正确。

3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We can’t say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知，我们现在无法确定这种病菌与女性自杀之间的联系，但是科学家会继续努力发现这两者之间的联系。故C正确。

4. 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.可知，本文讲述的是与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题。文章对此现象进行了讲述并分析了原因。故D正确。

考点：考查健康类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】

关于推理判断题

推理题是在掌握文章大意基础上看出作者的“ 言外之意”(between the lines)。这既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，有些推断题要从文章结构的角度进行分析，才能推断出正确答案。因此，阅读时不仅要注重词、句的理解，而且还要分析语篇的组织结构。这类试题常以如下句式发问：

What can you infer /learn/conclude from the passage?

What’s the author’s attitude toward……?

What does the passage suggest?

The author in this passage intends to __________。

答推理题时，一般无法直接从文中找到答案，但绝不可凭空猜测，也要找到答题依据。要通过文章主旨、字里行间或文中例子进行推断，通过含有感情色彩或描述情景的词句来领会作者的态度或语气，有的题也可根据常识理解来推断。但无论怎样，推理判断要以作者态度为准，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。如本文的第34小题What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.

B. The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.

C. The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.

D. The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.根据文章第五段“We can’t say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”可知我们现在无法确定这种病菌与女性自杀之间的联系，但是科学家会继续努力发现这两者之间的联系。故C正确。

做这类题时一定要注意：准确把握字里行间的意思，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的观点。特别注意表达情感（如最后一段第一句的favorite一词）、态度和观点的词语。