Question

Renaissance is a French word. It means “rebirth”. It’s a strange name for a period of history. What was exactly “ reborn” during the Renaissance?

To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world’s most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.

During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans’ art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts（原稿）were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.

Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.

Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧师）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.

By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientist. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance.

1.We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in_______.

A. their companions’ observations 

B. what they saw with their own eyes

C. what they learned from the Greeks 

D. the most advanced theories at that time

2.We can infer that students in the Church controlled universities might_________.

A. have good memories  

B. change their beliefs

C. be lacking in creativity  

D. be interested in astronomy

3.Roger Bacon was put in prison because he_________.

A. gave up being a priest 

B. showed no respect for Galen 

C. did some research secretly 

D. challenged the Church

4.The text probably comes from a book about_________.

A. medicine   B. education   C. religion   D. history

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：文章讲述了罗马帝国时期及后来教会统治时期西方社会在科学文化方面的发展变化，阐明了文艺复兴时期真正的复兴是什么。

1.B推理判断题。根据第二段They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations. 可知罗马帝国时期的科学家们进行了更多的研究，相信自己看到的，并且把观察到的记录下来。故选B.

2.C推理判断题。根据第四段The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.可知当时教会统治大学，教学陈旧没有新发现和创新。所以学生们缺乏创造力，故选C.

3.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧师）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison. 可知Roger Bacon提出了和教会不同的观点，鼓励做研究创新而遭到教会惩罚，被关进监狱。故选D.

4.推理判断题。文章讲述了罗马帝国时期及后来教会统治时期西方社会在科学文化方面的发展变化，阐明了文艺复兴时期真正的复兴是什么。这种文章讲的是发展史会出现在历史书籍中，其他三项是片面的，故选D.

考点：考查历史文化类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】

推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

一、常见的推理判断题的考法：

1)推测作者写作目的或意图。

2)推测文章的观点或结论。文章第32小题根据第二段They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations. 可知罗马帝国时期的科学家们进行了更多的研究，相信自己看到的，并且把观察到的记录下来。故选B.

3)推断文章出处。35小题文章讲述了罗马帝国时期及后来教会统治时期西方社会在科学文化方面的发展变化，阐明了文艺复兴时期真正的复兴是什么。这种文章讲的是发展史会出现在历史书籍中，其他三项是片面的，故选D.

4)是非判断题。

5)逻辑排序题。

二、推理判断题的解题方法 ：

推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。比如文章第33小题根据第四段The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.可知当时教会统治大学，教学陈旧没有新发现和创新。所以学生们缺乏创造力，故选C.

任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。