Question

There’s a whole lot of things that people fill their stomachs with. Some of them keep people alive. Some of them taste good to people. Some of them help people win pie-eating contests. Alcohol does none of these things. Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs?

There are all kinds of alcohol molecules (分子), but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol (乙醇). Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it’s not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. Because ethanol, to a certain extent, can pass through cell membranes(膜). It can go almost anywhere. It spreads through the muscles, and is sweated（出汗） — unmetabolized(未经新陈代谢的) and whole — through the skin. It gets into the heart. It even takes a walk through the brain, and this is the secret of its powers.

Alcohol depresses the nerves, and the nerves affect almost every area of the body. Enough alcohol makes people sleep, so people who become unconscious choke on their own vomit (呕吐物). Most worryingly, enough alcohol can shut down those parts of the brain just like any other parts. People become unconscious and their brains simply forget to breathe.

Alcohol is broken down in the liver. Alcohol doesn’t destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage. A glass of wine per day can not do any harm. Instead, it can prevent heart attacks or can make someone functionally young. And it is kind of nice to know that sometimes, relaxation and cheer can be bottled. All that’s needed is to take care how much alcohol is let into a person’s brain.

1.How does the author introduce the topic of the text?

A. By statement.B. By question.

C. By arguing.D. By explaining.

2.Why can alcohol reach the brain?

A. Because it can move through water molecules in the blood.

B. Because it is small enough to get through any narrow space.

C. Because it is so light that the bloodstream can transport.

D. Because it is absorbed only by the cells in the stomach.

3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. Alcohol affects the work of the nerves.

B. Alcohol has an effect on people’s breath.

C. People are drunk when their brains get drunk.

D. Drinking too much is quite dangerous.

4.From the passage, we can know ________.

A. many people like a drink when they feel relaxed

B. enough alcohol can control the brain activities

C. alcohol damages the liver indirectly

D. proper alcohol may lead to better sleep

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文介绍了酒精是如何进入人的大脑的，并告诉我们饮酒过量的危险，但适量饮酒有助健康。

1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句Why do people keep drinking it? And what does it do once it gets to their stomachs?可知，作者通过提问介绍文章的话题。故选B。

2. 推理判断题。根据第二段There are all kinds of alcohol molecules (分子), but the one that people most often pour down their throat is ethanol (乙醇). Ethanol is very tiny and it dissolves in water, so it gets into all sorts of places that it’s not supposed to. Alcohol heads for the digestive system. Because it dissolves in water, it can get into the water in the bloodstream. 可知，酒精的主要成分乙醇分子非常小，能溶解于水中，这样酒精就通过溶有乙醇分子的水进入血液并流进大脑。故选A。

3. 主旨大意题。第三段主要讲酒精对神经系统的影响及饮酒过量会让人失去意识导致昏迷，作者告诉了我们饮酒过量的危险，故选D。

4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段Alcohol doesn’t destroy the liver, but products that the liver breaks the alcohol into do cause damage.可知，酒精不会直接伤害肝脏但间接会伤肝脏，故选C。

【名师点睛】

在做阅读理解题过程中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把题干看明白知道里面的关键词，把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，找到根据，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项。不同的题型采用不同的做题方法和技巧，完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。

另外，做题时要注意文章的首段和每一段的首句或尾句，它们往往就是文章的主题句。阅读中要注意要点之间的关系，弄清全文的结构也能帮助我们理解文章，做出正确答案。

考点：考查健康类短文阅读。