Sarah Hughes won the gold medal in women’s figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics.A graduate of Yale University,she is writing her first book.She owes her success to her parents’ support.
“I started skating when I was 3 years old.Competing in the Olympic Games had been my dream from the beginning.When I was 12 years old,my mother was hospitalized with breast cancer.I was on the way to making my first national team.Seeing my excitement at each stage gave her strength through her illness.On days when she was too weak to walk,she would think,‘I have to make it through.I have to be there for my kids.’ My mom was able to leave the hospital to come to Philadelphia from New York to watch me win the Junior Ladies title.That day I was skating for more than just the judges.My parents' support made all the difference when I performed on the skating stage.When I won the Olympic medal,I was able to share more than just my skating experience with the people who were with me all along.I was raised in a stable,supportive environment."
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2.用约120个单词阐述你对“父母支持”的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名；
3.不必写标题。
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Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress.Some stresses get you going and they are good for you – without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However,when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad.In this text we shall be focusing on stress that is bad for you.
When we are stressed the following happens:
Blood pressure rises
Breathing becomes more rapid
Heart rate (pulse) rises
Muscles become tense
We do not sleep (heightened state of alertness)
Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what matters.Some of us focus on what happens to us,such as breaking a bone or getting a promotion,while others think more about the event itself.How you see that stressful event will be the largest single factor that impacts on your physical and mental health.Your interpretation of event and challenges in life may decide whether they are invigorating or harmful for you.
There are three broad methods you can follow to treat stress.
Self help for treating stress
Exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on a person's mental and physical state.For many people exercise is an extremely useful stress buster.
Alcohol and drugs will not help you manage your stress better.Either stop consuming them completely,or cut down.
If you consumption of coffee and other drinks which contain caffeine is high,cut down.
Eat plenty of fruit and vegetable.Make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet.
Talk to your family,friends,work colleagues and your boss.Express your thoughts and worries.
Stress management techniques
Stress management can help you t keep away from the source of stress,change the way you view a stressful event,and lower the impact that stress might have on your body.Stress management therapy will have the objective of pursuing one or more of these approaches.
Medicines
Doctors will not usually prescribe medications for coping with stress,unless the patient has an underlying illness,such as depression or some type of anxiety.If that is the case,the doctor is actually treating a mental illness.In such cases,an antidepressant may be prescribed.Bear in mind that there is a risk that all the medication will do is mask the stress,rather than help you deal and cope with it.
Stress | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Understanding of stress | • Stress is pressure or worry 1.by the stressors in your life. • Some stresses2.you while some others make you suffer. |
3.of stress | • You have 4.blood pressure. • Your heart5.f aster. • Your become sleepless. • Your breath and muscles are abnormal. |
Attitudes towards stress | • You care about what concerns6. • You pay attention to what is7.around you. • Above all,how you look at challenges affects your health. |
Ways to deal with stress | • Exercise,a proper diet,communication help to 8.your stress while alcohol,drugs and coffee do not. • Stress management guides you how to 9.and reduce stress. • Medicines can be used to treat a mental illness but cannot solve the problem 10. |
For many years, scholars have regarded My Mortal Enemy as somewhat of an enigma. Written in only a few months during the early spring of 1925 and published in 1926, Willa Cather’s shortest novel was sandwiched in between The Professor’s House (1925) and Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927). While the subject matter of these latter two works can be traced to Cather’s experience in the desert Southwest, My Mortal Enemy seemingly has nothing to do with these subjects or her Nebraska roots; it appears to have come out of nowhere, puzzling those who have tried to fit this rather irregular work into a logical progression of Cather’s artistic development. The question of what caused Cather to write such a novel at this point in her career, for example, has still not been answered definitively. One commonly held hypothesis (假说) was first voiced by Marcus Klein, who in his 1961 introduction to the novel wrote that for Cather, “The story of Myra Henshawe must have been a personal crisis”. Klein, though, acknowledged that he could not prove his theory, “because there is available no record other than the novel”. Emmy Stark Zitter has recently argued that in My Mortal Enemy and Sapphira and the Slave Girl (1940) Cather exercises the autobiographical impulse (冲击) by putting details of her own life into her fiction, but, like Klein, she is unable to name which “details” of her life Cather drew on in writing My Mortal Enemy.
As hinted (暗示) in the above statements by Klein and Zitter, much of the general uncertainty about the meaning of My Mortal Enemy can be traced to the absence of a persuasive theory as to who the real-life models for the novel’s characters were and what Cather’s relationship to them was. Cather herself wrote in a 1940 letter that, in James Woodress’s paraphrase, “she had known Myra’s real-life model very well, and the portrait drawn in the story was much as she remembered her”; Cather also added that the woman had died fifteen years before My Mortal Enemy was published, and that many relatives of this model later wrote to her to say that they recognized the “real” Myra from her description in the novel. Given such hints and Cather’s liking for drawing on her experiences in Nebraska for characters, settings, and plots, it is quite understandable that scholars have thus looked to Red Cloud and Lincoln for possible sources of the people and events depicted in My Mortal Enemy.
In light of the evidence presented in this article, though, I believe that Cather intended her comments about the model for Myra Henshawe to serve as red herrings (转移注意力的言语) that would protect her relationship with the couple who were the prototypes (原型) for the Henshawes, both of whom were still alive in 1925. Mark Madigan has recently confirmed how Cather in 1905 had to hold off publishing “The Profile (传略)” because of fears that the main character might recognize herself and commit suicide, and twenty years later Cather would have been well aware of how her description of the Henshawes might have affected both the real-life wife (who died in 1929) and husband (who died in 1949) if they had recognized themselves. It is my argument that the Henshawes were modeled after people Cather knew not in Nebraska but rather in New York: S. S. and Hattie McClure. Myra’s uncle, John Driscoll, was modeled after Hattie’s father, Professor Albert Hurd.
Possibly most important, identifying the Henshawes as the McClures allows us to more conclusively identify Cather herself with Nellie Birdseye. Nellie and Cather, both Midwestern onlookers and recorders, experienced four distinct stages in their relationships with the Henshawes and the McClures (especially with S. S.) My Mortal Enemy, I believe, was an extended attempt by Cather to deal with certain aspects of her own past and to move on in a world stripped of romantic illusion.
【小题１】The underlined word “enigma” in Paragraph 1 means “________”.
A. adaptationB. abstractC. best-sellerD. mystery
【小题２】Cather didn’t have My Mortal Enemy published immediately ________.
A. so as not to annoy the relatives of the prototype for Myra
B. for fear that the prototype for Myra should be badly hurt
C. because she meant to polish it by adding some new material
D. because she was forbidden to do so by the real-life couple
【小题３】We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. Myra Henshawe is particularly true to her prototype
B. Cather had a good relationship with the real-life model
C. the writer considers My Mortal Enemy as a great work
D. scholars will put an end to their argument about the novel
【小题４】In the passage, the writer ________.
A. restored the truth behind Myra
B. presented his own hypothesis
C. made a revision to Zitter’s idea
D. renewed part of Klein’s fiction
【小题５】The proper title for the passage is ______.
A. uncovering Cather’s personal secret
B. unlocking the scholars’ imagination
C. unfolding the plot of My Mortal Enemy
D. unmasking Cather’s “mortal enemy”
Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure (结构). Scientists already modify the genes (基因) of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes, small flying insects, that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species (物种) of plants and animals that are damaging to other species.
In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released (释放) into the wild.
Sixteen biologists, ethicists (伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.
Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction (繁殖).
Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country's borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.
【小题１】What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have?
A. Changing the Zika virus permanently.
B. Getting rid of damaging species forever.
C. Having the changed genes in their next generations.
D. Making all the species more productive and stronger.
【小题２】As for genetically changed wild animals and plants, what are scientists worried about?
A. They may become weaker or die out.
B. They may be more productive than before.
C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.
D. Their genes may spread to later generations.
【小题３】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Scientists are certain what exact results gene modification leads to.
B. Gene modification can benefit some farm animals and agricultural plants.
C. Scientists won't modify any genes before they make the final decision.
D. Gene modification will be encouraged in more creatures in the near future.
【小题４】The article is mainly intended to ________.
A. appeal against research on gene control
B. show how to change genetic structure
C. inform us of power and danger of gene control
D. give the reason why gene modification is necessary
A good joke can be the hardest thing to understand when studying a foreign language. As a recent article in The Guardian newspaper noted, “There’s more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar.”
Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as an unbelievable ice-breaker for a language learner eager to form friendships with native speakers. “I always felt that humor was a ceiling that I could never break through,” Hannah Ashley, a public relations account manager in London, who once studied Spanish in Madrid, told The Guardian, “I could never speak to people on the same level as I would speak to a native English speaker. I almost came across as quite a boring person because all I could talk about was facts.”
In fact, most of the time, jokes are only funny for people who share a cultural background or understand humor in the same way. Chinese-American comedian Joe Wong found this out first-hand. He had achieved huge success in the US, but when he returned to China in 2008 for his first live show in Beijing, he discovered that people didn’t think his. Chinese jokes were as funny as his English ones.
In Australia, meanwhile many foreigners find understanding jokes about sports to be the biggest headache. “The hardest jokes are related to rugby because I know nothing about rugby,” said Melody Cao, who was once a student in Australia. “When I heard jokes I didn’t get, I just laughed along.”
In the other two major English-speaking countries, the sense of humor is also different. British comedian Simon Pegg believes that while British people use irony (反话)—basically, saying something they don’t mean to make a joke—every day, people in the US don’t see the point of using it so often. “British jokes tend to be more subtle and dark, while American jokes are more obvious with their meanings, a bit like Americans themselves,” he wrote in The Guardian.
【题文１】It is implied in the noted sentence in Paragraph 1 that ________.
A. making jokes is a possible way for one to learn better a foreign language
B. humor is always conveyed to foreigners through vocabulary and grammar
C. vocabulary and grammar help you understand jokes in a foreign language
D. there tends to be something behind the words of a joke in a foreign language
【题文２】What can we guess about Hannah Ashley?
A. She thinks that Spanish people generally do not have much of a sense of humor.
B. She believes that one had better rely on facts when speaking a foreign language.
C. She found that humor was a barrier to her getting along well with Spanish people.
D. She had a better command of the Spanish language than of the English language.
【小题３】Joe Wong is used as an example to ________.
A. suggest that there are cultural differences in humor
B. show that it’s hard to put jokes into another language
C. prove that local people have different taste in humor
D. show that expressing ability affects the sense of humor
【小题４】From the article we can learn that ________.
A. jokes about sports are difficult for foreigners to understand
B. Americans are generally more humorous than British people
C. not all English native speakers can understand English jokes easily
D. British people’s dark jokes often make people uncomfortable
A wonderful Cornish self catering holiday cottage Cider Cottage is the perfect place to escape and unwind.
It is ideally located to explore and enjoy all that Cornwall has to offer.
Cider Cottage sleeps five in a lovely countryside setting, with all home comforts. Recently fully renovated to a high standard, the Cottage was awarded a 4 Star rating by Visit England.
It is a detached property full of character, with exposed feature stone walls and ceiling beams.
In the past the building was used to store and crush apples to produce local Cornish cider.
One step inside the door and you will know you have found somewhere special to spend your holiday.
Cider Cottage has three comfortable bedrooms, of which the Master bedroom has a king size bed and an en-suite bathroom.
A spacious fully equipped Kitchen and Dining room fitted with a ceramic hob and oven, microwave, washing machine, dishwasher and tumble dryer. We also supply all those kitchen essentials that you won’t want to pack.
Down a flight of steps is the large cosy Lounge, with exposed feature stone walling and beams that date back hundreds of years.
Set between the south Cornwall coast and enigmatic Bodmin Moor, in lovely countryside, Cider Cottage is just 1 mile from the historic town of Liskeard and a short drive from the lovely fishing village of Looe with its wonderful sandy beach.
The cottage is ideal for families and couples alike, whether you just want to relax or enjoy the wide variety of activities and attractions or nearby outdoor pursuits such as cycling and horseriding.
The ancient market town of Liskeard has a choice of cafes, restaurants, takeaways, pubs & supermarkets. A main line Railway Station also serves the town, giving the opportunity for car free days out.
【小题１】How can Cider Cottage be described as?
A. Unique, attractive and well-designed.
B. Suitable, mysterious and well-located.
C. Relaxing, convenient and well-furnished.
D. Practical, comfortable and well-managed.
【小题２】According to the information given, Cider Cottage is ________.
A. in the center of town
B. far away from the seaside
C. for sale at the moment
D. suitable for a family of five
