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阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Eno...

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep 1.(need) depends on the age of the person and the conditions in2.sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than3.old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with4.than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. 5. is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his6. (strong) and get ready for a day’s work.

Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So it is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep 7. the open air. A bath at bedtime, 8. hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful 9. sleep. Sleep-producing drug should never be taken except when10. (suggest) by a doctor.

 

1.needed; 2.which; 3.the; 4.less; 5.It; 6.strength; 7.in; 8.neither; 9.to; 10.suggested 【解析】 试题分析:每个人都需要睡眠,充足的睡眠对健康的意义非常重大。为了有一个良好的睡眠,需要考虑诸多因素,如时间,睡觉的场所及睡觉时的温度等。 1.needed 考查非谓语动词。句意:个人所需的睡眠时间取决于他的年龄及睡觉的环境。分析可知the amount ofsleep与need之间为动宾关系,所以用need的过去分词形式作定语修饰the amount of sleep,表示“所需的睡眠时间”。故填needed。 2.which 考查定语从句。句意:个人所需的睡眠时间取决于他的年龄及睡觉的环境。分析可知介词+which/whom引导定语从句,the conditions为先行词,所以选择which. 定语从句可还原为sleep takes place in the conditions.故填which。 3.the 考查冠词。句意:年轻人可能比老年人需要更多的睡眠。分析可知the+adj.表示一类人,如the young年轻人;the poor穷人;the old老年人。故填the。 4.less 考查代词。句意:有些人对睡眠的需求量可能比这个量要少,但有些人可能需要更多。根据后文others may need more可知此处应填“有些人需求量少”,故填less。 5.but 考查连词。句意:有些人对睡眠的需求量可能比这个量要少,但有些人可能需要更多。根据less than this amount及后文many need more,可知前后文之间为转折关系。故填but。 6.It 考查代词。句意:满足个人的需要是一个好的判断标准。分析可知it作形式主语,to satisfy his need为真正的主语。故填It。 7.strength 考查词性。句意:充足的睡眠能够让人恢复精力并为一天的工作做好准备。分析可知此处应填strong的名词形式。strength:力量;长处;强项。故填strength。 8.without 考查介词。句意:所以有些人认为在空气流通的环境中睡觉是有实际意义的,这并不无道理。withoutreason:不合情理;无缘无故。句中So it is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air为双重否定表肯定的语气。故填without。 9.neither 考查连词。句意:睡前一个不冷不热、温度适宜的沐浴可能会对睡眠有所帮助。分析可知neither hotnor cool but of body temperature表示“既不太冷又不太热,与体温适宜的温度。故填neither。 10. 考点:考查语法填空 【名师点睛】 填词题没有提示词时怎么做: 在做阅读填词的过程中如果文章中没有提示词,可填的词性有:介词、代词、连词、冠词、情态动词。 ——--若判断为介词则需考虑: 介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with,by,through等。介词最大的特点是可以和动词、形容词等构成固定短语,通常都是介词在后。其次就是介词和名词构成固定短语,尤其是要注意是否加冠词的情况。例如in charge of和in the charge of;out of question与out of the question等短语意义区别非常大,一定要根据语境辨别清楚。同时,考生要清楚介词后通常都是加名词、代词(宾格、名词性物主代词、反身代词)、动名词和宾语从句等。 例如本文中的第68题就是考查介词without。这里面就涉及到了介词+名词在句子里作状语。without reason的意思为“不合情理,毫无缘故”,类似的用法还有without doubt(毫不怀疑);without sympathy(毫不同情);without hesitation(毫不犹豫) 等等。 ——--若判断为代词则需考虑: 语法填空里,考查比较多的有人称代词和不定代词。人称代词要弄清楚所指代的性别和数,不定代词要弄清楚所指代或修饰的词是什么。 例如本文中的第64题考查代词less。根据后文others may need more可知此第64题处应该是与之相反的情况,所以补充为Some can do with less“有些人需求量少”,其中more和less相对应。第66题考查代词it。分析句子结构is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need可以知道句子缺少主语。考生进一步分析就可以知道不定式to satisfy his need为真正的主语,那么就会很容易想到用it作形式主语。 ——--若判断为连词则需考虑: 连词此处是并列连词和从句连接词的统称。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。包括表转折的连词but,while;表并列的连词and,or;表因果的连词because,so等等。同时考生要清楚三大类句子的基本特点。比如,定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用,非限制性定语从句的特点等;名词性从句中同位语从句和定语从句的区别等。 例如本文中的第62题考查定语从句的引导词which;第69题考查连词neither;第65题考查连词but。第62题考查内容属于从句连接词,也就是定语从句in which sleep takes place的引导词。第65题考查内容为表转折关系的连词。分析两个句子可知Some can do with less than this amount和others may need more之间为转折关系,那么考生就会直接联想到经常用到的转折连词but。 ——--若判断为冠词则需考虑: 冠词的用法主要和名词连在一起,根据上下文进行判断是用定冠词还是不定冠词,亦或是不用冠词的情况。 除此之外,考生还要注意一些含有冠词的固定搭配。 例如本文中的第63题考查冠词the。它考查的是含有冠词的固定用法,也就是用the+adj.表示一类人。类似的用法有the young年轻人;the old老年人;the poor穷人;the rich有钱人;the sick病人等。就the+adj.表示一类人作主语时,考生需要注意谓语动词的单复数形式。 1. “the+adj.” 表示一类具有某种特征或特性的人时,通常表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语要用复数。如: The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富,贫者愈贫。 The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。 2. “the+adj.” 若表示抽象概念,则表示单数意义,用作主语时,谓语要用单数。如: The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。 The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善,善未必是真。 3. 有个别的“the+adj.” 结构既表示单数意义,也表示复数意义。若用作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如:the good 指“好人”时表复数意义,指“善”时表单数意义;the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义,指多名被告时表复数意义。比较: The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人) The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人) 总而言之,学生在了解全文大意的基础上,从语篇着手并联系上下文,根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组、句型搭配及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解、行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填空。 考点:考查语法填空
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