New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.
Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France, and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it, and the Americans under General Andrew Jackson.
The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting（淤积）and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.
Although New Orleans has been a part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which, for many years, was its only law.
New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The Jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting surface of yesteryear is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreign goods are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit.
1. The battle of New Orleans was fought by Jackson against______.
A. France B. Britain C. Spain D. The North
2.According to the passage, the Code Napoleon was _______.
A. an agreement to sell Louisiana
B. a body of laws
C. a city plan
D. a military code for the army
3.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attitude of the citizens of New Orleans?
A. Pride in their French heritage.
B. A desire to retain colonial buildings.
C. A refusal to engage in trade and commerce
D. A praising of Dixieland Jazz.
4. Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter _____.
A. Creole food B. Dixieland jazz
C. a busy city D. authentic colonial homes
When someone is happy, can you smell it?
You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports Phys.org.
For the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.
Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. Only women were selected to smell the samples, apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling—though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents.
Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents—particularly their facial expressions—indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them.
“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,” said study co-author Gun Semin, a professor at Koc University in Turkey.
This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. The study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.
Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies（香味疗法）could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.
Perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.
1.What is the main finding of the new research?
A. Pleasant feelings can be smelt out.
B. Negative emotions have a smell.
C. Men produce more sweats.
D. Women have a better sense of smell.
2.The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.
A. continue B. practice C. avoid D. try
3.What is the application value of the new research?
A. Perfumes could help people understand each other.
B. Some smells could be created to improve our appearance.
C. Perfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases.
D. Some smells could be developed to better our mood.
4. We can learn from the last paragraph that .
A. happiness comes from a scent of sweat
B. social surroundings can influence our emotions
C. people need more emotional communication
D. positive energy can deepen understanding
How can we reduce the risk?
There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring - often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.
Removing the Threat
Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava(熔岩) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale eruption.
Planning for the Future
Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.
Disaster Preparedness
When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not be enough time to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.
If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope(斜坡), 21,000 people--90 percent of the town’s people--died.
1.The passage is intended for ________.
A. the general public B. architects
C. adventurers D. geographers
2.When building houses, people tend to ________.
A. judge volcanic dangers carefully
B. take volcanic dangers seriously
C. live near a quiet volcano
D. find a safer place far away from a volcano
3.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove ________.
A. The failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening
B. The importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption
C. The bravery of the people in Armero Town
D. The uncertainty of volcano’s damage
请你写一篇文章，介绍我校为学生创立的校刊 “Xinghai Stones”，并谈谈自己的感想。内容包括：
1.开设目的：缓解压力，确保健康。
2.校刊优势：专业的心理指导 。
3.校刊内容：专业的建议，学生的心声, 你的感想。
注意：1.字数100 左右。
2.开头已给，不计入总数。
Our school has set up a school magazine called “Xinghai Stones” for us students.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday our club held an English speech contest, which theme was “Challenge Myself”. A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their wonderful performances. In the stage, though face great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged them to achieve great success. Moreover, they impressed us deep with their unusual confidences and performances.
Through such activity, we know a lot more about our students but we have gained much, such as self-confidence and bravery. Besides, our club was growing stronger.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。
Once a group of 50 people was attending a seminar. Halfway 1. his talk, the speaker stopped and decided 2.(create) a group activity. He went around the hall and gave each person a balloon. Each one was asked to write his or her name on the balloon3.(use) a marker pen. Then all the balloons 4.(collect) and put in another room.
The speaker then led the group to the room full of balloons and asked them to find the balloon that had their name 5. (write) on within five minutes. Everyone was 6. (hurry) searching for their name, bumping into each other, pushing each other around. It was chaos. At the end of the five minutes no one could find their own balloon.
Now each person was asked to randomly collect 7. balloon and give it to the person whose name was on it. Within two minutes everyone had their own balloon. When everyone quieted down, the speaker began to talk, saying that this is exactly 8.was happening in our lives.
We may like to think of 9.(us) more important than others, but our happiness sometimes lies in the happiness of other people. Give them their happiness 10. you will get your own happiness.
