Question

Often a nickname is a shortened form of a person's name, and it can also be a descriptive name for a place or a thing. Many American cities have nicknames. These can help build up an identity, spread pride among citizens and build their unity. Nicknames can also be funny.

Los Angeles, California is the second largest city in population, after New York City. Los Angeles has several nicknames. One is simply the city's initials, L.A. It is also called the City of Angels because Los Angeles means "the angels" in Spanish.

Los Angeles often has warm, sunny weather. So another nickname is City of Flowers and Sunshine. New York is called The Big Apple. So Los Angeles is sometimes called The Big Orange because of the fruit that grows in that city's warm climate.

The American movie and television industries are based in Los Angeles. So it is not surprising that it is called The Entertainment Capital of the World. Many films are made in the area of Los Angeles called Hollywood. Millions of people visit the area. No trip to Los Angeles is perfect without seeing the word "Hollywood" spelled out in huge letters on a hillside.

Many movie stars live in Los Angeles. The city is sometimes called Tinseltown. This nickname comes from the shiny, bright and often unreal nature of Hollywood and the movie industry.

Another nickname for Los Angeles is La-La Land, using the first letters of Los and Angeles. This means a place that is fun and not serious, and maybe even out of touch with reality.

A good place for watching unusual-looking people is Venice, an area on the west side of Los Angeles. A system of waterways designed after the Italian city of Venice has been built there. Many people love Los Angeles for its warm sunny weather, beautiful mountains and beaches, and movie stars. That includes Randy Newman, who sings about his hometown.

On the whole, Los Angeles is growing attractive just for its rich nicknames.

1.Choose the one that isn’t the function of a nickname of a place.

A. Uniting surrounding cities.

B. Entertainment.

C. Bringing pride to the locals.

D. Establishing characteristics.

2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined sentence?

A. Seeing the big letters "Hollywood" on a hillside means you've been really to Los Angeles.

B. Not seeing the word "Hollywood" on a hillside means you haven't been to Los Angeles.

C. If you visit Los Angeles you should first pay a visit to "Hollywood" s on a hillside.

D. Your trip to Los Angeles is not complete if you miss the big letters "Hollywood" on a hillside.

3.What’s the number of the nicknames given to Los Angeles?

A. 5.B. 4.C. 7.D. 6.

4.According to the passage, the true statement is “________”.

A. Los Angeles was built after the Italian city of Venice

B. Hollywood alone adds fame to Los Angeles

C. Los Angeles is most famous for its nicknames

D. All the nicknames increase the charm of Los Angeles

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：文章讲述了美国的洛杉矶的几个绰号及其由来与历史。

1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的These can help establish an identity, spread pride among citizens and build unity. Nicknames can also be funny.可知，绰号的作用没有A项，故选A。

2. 句意理解题。划线句子中No …without…是双重否定表肯定，句意：去洛杉机不去看写在山坡上的巨大的字母 “好莱坞”的旅行是不完整的。与D项同义，故选D。

3. 细节理解题。文章中提到的Los Angeles的绰号共7个：L.A、 the City of Angels、 City of Flowers and Sunshine、The Big Orange、The Entertainment Capital of the World、Tinseltown和La-La Land，共7个，故选C。

4. 推理判断题。文章中提到Los Angeles的7个绰号，每一个都与Los Angeles的一个特点相关，都突出了Los Angeles的某一特色，故选D。

考点：考查外国风情类短文阅读。

【名师点睛】

推理判断题的常见考查形式及解题方法：

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

一、常见的推理判断题的考法：

1)推测作者写作目的或意图。

2)推测文章的观点或结论。

3)推断文章出处。

4)是非判断题。

5)逻辑排序题。

二、推理判断题的解题方法 ：

推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。比如文章第30小题划线句子中No …without…是双否定表肯定，句意：没有前去洛杉机不去看写在山坡上的巨大的字母 “好莱坞” 的旅行是不完整的。与D项同义，故选D. 第32小题文章中提到的Los Angeles的7个绰号，每一都与Los Angeles一个特点相关，都突出了Los Angeles的某一特色，故选D.

任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。