第一节 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It is Mother’s Day today. Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. While he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked dishes in kitchen. The dishes I cooked was Mom’s favorite. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day!” Mom was grateful and moving to tears.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda __1.__ (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists __2.__ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very __3.__(care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something __4.__ (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural _5.__(enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting pats. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. __6._ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda __7.__ more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed__8.__ (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother__9.__ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, __10.__ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was no wonder I was not looking forward to entering the ninth grade. High school is well known for being a battleground, where everyone seems to be ________ through physical changes and emotional mood swings(情绪波动). For me, ________ was my punishment.
I had always ________ insecure and out of place as one of the ________ members of my class, standing a head above the other girls and standing at the ________ of the line to avoid sticking ________.
I especially hate being around large groups of ________, like during the social hour after services at my church. ________ the prayers were finished, I would ________ as quickly as possible so I could ________ some well-meaning congratulations, “Ruthie! Look how tall you’re getting!”
My grandfather would watch me ________ increasingly uncomfortable, but he did not ________ at my self-consciousness(自我意识) or try to comfort me. ________, he would remind me. “Stand ________ and tall,” he would say, as I ________ tried to shrink(缩) myself. Even at age 15, I understood that his advice was about ________ than just feet and inches.
My grandfather ________ in war-torn Europe. When German soldiers ________ his hometown, he joined the army to ________ his country’s freedom. “Stand straight, stand tall,” ________ something else back then.
1.A. gettingB. puttingC. lookingD. going
2.A. ageB. weightC. heightD. face
3.A. becomeB. goneC. placedD. felt
4.A. fatterB. tallerC. thinnerD. shorter
5.A. headB. endC. frontD. side
6.A. toB. offC. upD. out
7.A. peopleB. girlsC. teachersD. students
8.A. UntilB. UnlessC. OnceD. While
9.A. leaveB. comeC. stopD. walk
10.A. acceptB. receiveC. avoidD. refuse
11.A. makeB. moveC. turnD. become
12.A. lookB. stareC. smileD. laugh
13.A. InsteadB. BesidesC. HoweverD. Therefore
14.A. backB. straightC. upD. by
15.A. satisfactorilyB. happily
C. unsuccessfully D. unwillingly
16.A. otherB. moreC. lessD. rather
17.A. grew upB. workedC. diedD. travelled
18.A. helpedB. developedC. occupiedD. visited
19.A. look afterB. fight forC. work withD. stay with
20.A. meantB. advisedC. carriedD. included
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. __1.__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. _2._ As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. __3.__
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. _4.__ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
_5._ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
B. It all depends on your character.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
“Heaven (天堂) is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell (地狱) is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians.”
Obviously the national stereotypes (模式化的思想) in this old joke are generalizations (普遍化), but such stereotypes are often said to “exist for a reason”. Is there actually a sliver (裂片) of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.
“National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing,” said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. “These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don’t come from looking around you,” McCrae said.
If national stereotypes aren’t rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism (个人主义) has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.
Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.
We may be “hard-wired”, to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.
1.The stereotype about Italians is ________.
A. romantic but disorganized
B. friendly and good-tempered
C. dreamy and impractical
D. strict but thoughtful
2.National stereotypes are not always correct because ________.
A. they are formed by individual historians
B. what was true in the past may not be true at the present
C. generalizations are made through personal experience
D. people tend to have false idea about other cultures
3.According to the research team led by McCrae, national stereotypes are ________.
A. interestingB. harmfulC. humorousD. unreliable
4.The underlined word “hard-wired” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A. forgetfulB. anxiousC. fixedD. helpless
We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good or bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are unacceptable. Many people would find it terrible to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as proper food.
Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli (花椰菜) is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.
But dislikes is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that is forbidden. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture.
One example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from some other cultures regard them as good food. In the United States, dogs are very important to people as pets. They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in some cases. In addition, dogs have value as protection against criminals (罪犯). Actually, the dog’s place in society as a companion makes the dog taboo as food.
Scientists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.
1.The writer uses the example of rat as food to show that ________.
A. some cultures may seem rather strange
B. understanding between different cultures is easy
C. people may eat very different things
D. eating properly is very difficult
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. People don’t often consider nutrition as important.
B. Some vegetables are more nutritious than others.
C. Broccoli and tomatoes are common vegetables.
D. Americans like broccoli better than tomatoes.
3.Why is eating dogs a taboo in America?
A. It is a taboo from the Fiji Islands.
B. It is against American laws.
C. Dogs are needed by the police.
D. Dogs are close to human life.
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. Nutritions and Beliefs.
B. Food and Culture.
C. Taboo about Food.
D. Science in Eating.
