Question

Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.

1.If you’re obese, blame your genes.

Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.

At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.

2.If you’re obese, you lack self-control.

Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can’t understand. Even the most vigilant (警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.

3.Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity.

Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the “food deserts”, about 65 percent of the nation’s population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.

4.The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise.

Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much.

1.The author mentioned Deborah Cohen’s book in Paragraph 1 to _______.

A. introduce the topic

B. advise readers to buy books

C. introduce the author of the book

D. advertise the book

2.What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?

A. The less you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.

B. The less you eat at home, the lower rates of obesity you have.

C. The more you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.

D. The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.

3.What’s the best title of this passage?

A. Four misunderstandings of obesity

B. Four rules to help you avoid obesity

C. Obesity leads to a big fat crisis

D. Lacking self-control leads to obesity

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.A

【解析】

试题分析：文章讲述的是一本名为A Big Fat Crisis的书中介绍的人们对于肥胖的四大误解，1、如果你肥胖，就要责怪你的基因。2、如果你胖，是你缺乏自制力。3、缺乏对新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入是肥胖的原因。4、问题不是我们吃得太多，而是我们不锻炼。文章对此进行了澄清。

1.A 细节理解题。作者提到Deborah Cohen’s book是为了引出下文人们对肥胖的四大误解，所以是引出话题。故选A。

2.C 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段中At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.可知，饭馆里的食物比自己在家里准备的热量要高，所以你在外面吃的越多，你的肥胖率会越高。故选C。

3.】A 主旨大意题。书中介绍的人们对于肥胖的四大误解：1、如果你肥胖，就要责怪你的基因。2、如果你胖，是你缺乏自制力。3、缺乏对新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入是肥胖的原因。4、问题不是我们吃得太多，而是我们不锻炼。文章对此进行了澄清。故选A。

考点：考查日常生活类阅读

【名师点睛】

英语高考阅读理解细节题解题技巧

一、语义转换题——跳读查找法。这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。比如第22小题，细节理解题。根据文章的第三段At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.可知，故选C。

二、生活应用题——常识理解法。生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。不过，有趣的是，高考有时会出现一些“低级”常识判断题，即无需看懂文章，也可选出最佳答案。

三、细节排序题——首尾定位法。

这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。比如第21题：细节理解题。作者提到Deborah Cohen’s book是为了引出下文人们对肥胖的四大误解，所以是引出话题。故选A。

四、寻找信息题——题干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。