请阅读下面文字.并按要求写一篇150词左右的文章。
When you are paying upwards of £15,000 a year to have your child privately educated, the big sum of money for extra tuition(学费) may not sit well with you. But that is exactly what seems to be happening. An increasing number of parents look to "top-up" their child's already expensive education with a private tutor.
According to managing director Nevil Chiles of Kensington&Chelsea Tutors, the agency's students tend to fall into two groups. There are those who are struggling with a particular subject and benefit from one-to-one tuition. The second group consists of students who are already excellent but whose parents want to ensure they go on to their preferred school or university.
"We felt Mica needed help with exam technique and we also realized that she did much better one-to-one than in a classroom," explains Bowman, who contacted Kensington & Chelsea Tutors on the advice of a friend who used them for her sons, including one who was attending Eton."Mica has established a good relationship with her tutors and has gained confidence as a result of the tutoring." adds Bowman.
写作内容：
1.用约30个单词概括短文主要内容。
2.简要分析社会上私人辅导受欢迎的原因(至少两条)。
3.谈谈你对私人辅导的态度(支持或反对)，并说明原因(至少两条)。
写作要求:
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句，
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称，
3.标题已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：私人辅导private tutoring 家庭教师tutor
评分标准：
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当
注意:请将书面表达撰写在答题卡上。
Private Tutoring
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任务型阅读阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词
The most common use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success.Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school.Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.
The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists.The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level.Studies have shown that correlations（相关性) between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8. Such correlations are fairly high, but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.
At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board.These tests arc returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.
Both tests constitute(组成) measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college are themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, intellectual factors do not alone determine academic success, especially at the college level. Many students drop out of schools because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional programme. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and such restrictions tend to reduce correlations.
Common 1.__________ of intelligence test scores | .To tell in 2.__________ the degree of academic success .To help admit children with outstanding 3.__________ to school at the age younger than ordinary .To find out children with 4.__________ ability in primary school than aveage | |
5.__________ with intelligence tests | .Ideal criteria for objective and reliable achievement tests in college courses are 6.__________ to find. .Correlations between intelligence tests and achievement tests are fairly high but still limited. | |
Two major tests at the college level | .CEE .ACF | .Both tests are scored by the Educational Testing Service. |
.The7.__________ of the College Entrance Examination will be sent to the colleges that the students choose. | ||
.The correlations with academic success are limited for three reasons as 8.__________. a. Measures of college achievement are as 9.__________ as those in primary and middle schools. b. Academic success is determined by many other factors 10.__________ from intellectual ones. c. Admission restrictions tend to reduce correlations. | ||
On July 12, 1997, Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan, located in the country's Swat Valley.
Yotsafzai attended a school that her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, had founded. After the Taliban began attacking girl schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008. The title of her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"
When she was 14, Malala and her family learned that the Taliban had issued a death threat against her. Though Malala was frightened for the safety of her father——an anti-Taliban activist-she and her family initially felt that the fundamentalist group would not actually harm a child.
On October 9， 2012, on her way home from school, a man boarded the bus Malala was riding in and demanded to know which girl was Malala. When her friends looked toward Malala, her location was given away. The gunman fired at her, hitting Malala in the left side of her head. Two other girls were also injured in the attack.
Despite the Taliban's threats, Yousafzai remains a firm advocate for the power of education. On October 10, 2013, in acknowledgement of her work, the European Parliament awarded Yousafzai the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought. That same year, she was nominated (提名) for a Nobel Peace Prize. She didn't win the prize, but was named a nominee again in March 2014.
Malala Yousafzai's Speech at the United Nations (Excerpt)
Dear brothers and sisters, do remember one thing. Malala Day is not my day. Today is the day of every woman, every boy and every girl who have raised their voice for their rights. There are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers who are not only speaking for human rights, but who are struggling to achieve their goals of education, peace and equality.Thousands of people have been killed by the terrorists and millions have been injured.I am just one of them.
…
Dear sisters and brothers, now it’s time to speak up.
So today, we call upon the world leaders to change their strategic policies in favour of peace and prosperity:
We call upon the world leaders that all the peace deals must protect women and children's rights.
We call upon all governments to ensure free compulsory education for every child all over the world.
We call upon all governments to fight against terrorism and violence, to protect children from brutality and harm.
We call upon the developed nations to support the expansion of educational opportunities for girls in the developing world.
We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave—to embrace (拥抱) the strength within themselves and realise their full potential.
1.Which of the following adjectives can best describe Malala according to this passage?
A. Independent and knowledgeable.
B. Stubborn and trustworthy.
C. Courageous and persistent.
D. Aggressive and sympathetic.
2.Malala was shot for the reason that ________.
A. she didn't behave herself on the bus
B. she fought against the Taliban
C. she appealed for girls' rights to education
D. her father was an anti-Taliban activist
3.What can we infer from Malala's speech at the United Nations?
A. Malala Day is an international day for all the boys and girls.
B. Many girls in developing countries cannot receive education.
C. Many country leaders have changed their policies to protect women and children's rights.
D. Human rights activists are people just calling for equal rights for all the people in the world.
4.We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. the Taliban attacked Ziauddin Yousafzai's school for girls
B. the Taliban caught Malala's father for his fight against the Taliban
C. the Taliban shot Malala in the head on her way to school
D. local people lived in the shadow of the Taliban
Most evenings, before watching late-night comedy or reading emails on his phone, Matt Nicoletti puts on a pair of orange-colored glasses that he bought for $8 on the Internet.
"My girlfriend thinks I look ridiculous in them," he said. But Mr.Nicoletti, a 30-year-old consultant in Denver, insists that the glasses, which can block certain wavelengths of light emitted by electronic screens, make it easier to sleep.
Studies have shown that such light, especially from the blue part of the spectrum (光谱),inhibits the body's production of melatonin(褪黑激素)，which helps people fall asleep. Options are growing for blocking blue light, though experts caution that few have been adequately tested for effectiveness and the best solution remains avoiding brightly lit electronics at night.
A Swiss study of 13 teenage boys, published in August in The Journal of Adolescent Health showed that when the boys wore orange-colored glasses, also known as 'blue blockers' and shown to prevent melatonin, in the evening for a week, they felt "significantly more sleepy" than when they wore clear glasses.The boys looked at their screens, as teenagers tend to do, for at least a few hours on average before going to bed, and were monitored in the lab.
Older adults may be less affected by blue light, experts say, but blue light remains a problem for most people, and an earlier study of 20 adults aged 18 to 68 found that those who wore orange-colored glasses for three hours before bed improved their sleep quality considerably relative to a control group that wore yellow-colored lenses, which blocked only ultraviolet(紫外线) light.
LEDs used in devices such as smart phones, tablets and televisions tend to emit more blue light than incandescent products（白炽产品). LEDs are also increasingly popular as room lights, but "warm white" bulbs, with less blue, tend to be a better choice than "cool white" for nighttime use. The lighting company Philips also makes a reduced-blue LED bulb, meant to be used before bedtime."In theory, anything that will decrease that blue light exposure at night will be helpful." said Christopher Colwell, a scientist at the UCLA, "I know some gainers who swear by those orange-colored glasses."
But orange glasses are not a panacea(万能药). Dr. Skene said."It isn't just getting rid of the blue and everything's fine," she said. The intensity of light, in addition to color, can affect sleep, she said, and not all brands of orange-colored glasses have undergone enough independent testing for their ability to aid sleep.
During the daytime, experts say, exposure to blue light is good. Best of all is sunlight, which contains many different wavelengths of light."That's what our brain knows," said Kenneth P.Wright Jr., director of the sleep and chronobiology(生物钟学) lab at the University of Colorado, Boulder.
A 2013 study he led, published in the journal Current Biology, showed just how different things can be without nighttime lights. After participants had camped in the mountains for a week, their bodies began to prepare for sleep about two hours earlier than normal.
Short of cutting out all evening electronics, experts say, it's advisable to use a small screen rather than a large one; dim the screen and keep it as far away from the eyes as possible; and reduce the amount of time spent reading the device.
"If you can look at the iPhone for 10 minutes rather than three hours, that makes a lot of difference," Dr.Skene said.
1.What does the underlined word "inhibit" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. preventB. promoteC. projectD. process
2.Which of the following statements is true?
A.The older a person is, the less he or she will be affected by blue light.
B.The exposure to the blue light does nothing but harm to the human body.
C.Traditional lighting companies are facing a dead end due to backward technology.
D.All brands of orange-colored glasses are not reliable for their ability to aid sleep.
3.What are the contributing factors of a better night's sleep?
①Limited screen time before bed.
②A pair of color glasses.
③A small-sized screen of electronics.
④A place without nighttime lights.
⑤Devices with LED backlighting.
A. ①②③B. ③④⑤C. ②③⑤D. ①③④
4.The purpose of this article is to ________.
A.advertise a brand of orange-colored glasses which can block blue light
B.question the effectiveness of orange-colored glasses on the market
C.introduce a kind of orange glasses that may help people sleep better
D.teach readers about the most effective ways to have a better sleep
A strange army of giants stands around the edges of a remote island in the Pacific Ocean. Or at least that's how it might appear. The figures lining Easter Island are actually huge stones carved to look like hulking(笨重的) human figures. The statues have “guarded” these coasts for centuries. But not even the islanders are sure how they got there. Join scientific detectives as they investigate this historical mystery.
The Mystery
Nearly a thousand giant stone figures stand side by side on Easter Island, now a part of Chile. Called moai (MOH-eye) by the locals, the statues can weigh more than 80 tons—about as much as ten whales—and some stand as tall as a three-story building.
Scientists think islanders began creating the moai some 800 years ago to honor their ancestors. In land, scientists found a volcanic crater and dug out ancient tools there used to carve figures from the volcanic rock. But the crater(火山口) is far from where most of the statues now stand. And scientists know the people didn't have wheels or animals to move the rock giants.
So how did the stone figures travel as far as 11 miles from the crater to the island's coasts? Some ideas are pretty wild—people have suggested that the moai walked by themselves, or even that space aliens beamed down to lend a hand. Scientists struggled to Easter Island to find out the truth.
The Detectives
"Heave-ho!" cry a group of scientists as they pull on ropes tied to a huge statue. The investigators are seeking clues about the moai in one of Easter Island's green valleys. Wondering if the islanders could have transported the statues upright with just rope and muscle power, they wrapped three strong ropes around the forehead of a ten-foot-tall moai copy. With several people pulling each rope, they're able to rock the 10,000-pound figure side to side, moving it forward with every tug(拖拽). "The statue's shape makes this movement fairly easy," team leader Carl Lipo says.
In the past, researchers have tried other moving methods. One group tied rope to the top and base of an actual moai and attempted to drag it forward with twisting motions. Another team laid a real 13-foot moai onto a giant log and pulled the log forward. All the experiments shared one result: The investigators got serious pain!
The Evidence
Although various scientific sleuths (侦查) found ways to move the moai, researchers still don't agree on what really happened. Some of these techniques might have only worked over short distances and on flat land. Others would have damaged the moai.
Many people think the statues were laid horizontally on wooden sleds which were dragged with rope across log tracks. "This would have been the safest way to move the moai," archaeologist Jo Anne Van Tilburg says. "It explains why hardly any are damaged."
But the truth may never be revealed.(Experts are pretty sure, though, that aliens weren't involved.)After all, the islanders stopped making the statues at least 300 years ago, later hundreds of islanders left the island or caught deadly diseases brought by explorers. Many of the moai's secrets disappeared with them. Today the only remaining witnesses to the events are the moai themselves. And the lips of these stone-faced giants are sealed.
1.How many possible ways of moving the rock giants are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.
2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.The moai was created by the islanders 800 years ago to wish for good luck.
B.Some of the rock giants were damaged while being moved to where they are now.
C.All the witnesses to the secrets of the moai were infected with deadly diseases and died.
D.The statues were made of volcanic rocks with some handmade tools by the locals.
3.The underlined word "horizontally" in the last but one paragraph probably means ________.
A. temporarily on the ground
B. parallel to the ground
C. steadily on the ground
D. vertical to the ground
4.What is the best title of this passage?
A.Investigation Under Way.
B.Mystery of the Stone Giants.
C.Ways of Moving the Stone Giants.
D.The Unrevealed Truth.
Cocoa Beach /Jupiter Surf Camp — Summer
Summer Surf Camp is centrally located on the Best Western seashore in Cocoa Beach & Jupiter at Carlin Beach Park with accommodations(住宿) at the Holiday Inn Express in Juno Beach. Summer Surf Camp Dates:
● Surf Camp — Session 1 May 27th—30th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
● Surf Camp — Session 2 June 2nd—6th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
● Surf Camp — Session 3 June 9th—13th Teen Week (Ages 12—17)
● Surf Camp — Session 4 June 16th—20th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
● Surf Camp — Session 5 June 23rd—27th Adults Only (18 and over)
● Surf Camp — Session 6 June 30th—July 3rd Family Surf Week (All Ages)
● Surf Camp — Session 7 July 7th—11th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
● Surf Camp — Session 8 July 14th—18th Women’s Camp (18 and over)
● Surf Camp — Session 9 July 21st—25th Family Surf Week (All Ages)
● Surf Camp — Session 10 July 28th—August 1st Adults Only (18 and over) * A 20% discount will be applied to the 4-Day Surf Camp Weeks.
* Parents are always welcome to sign up and join their children during the teen week surf camp sessions.
Summer Camp Details:
●Use coupon(优惠券) code: “CAMP5” at checkout to get the 5% discount
* Daily Rate: $125.00 / person
* Surf Camp Runs: 9:30 a.m. — 2:30 p.m.
●Please note: We don’t supervise(监督) the campers after 2:45 p.m.
* Directions to Camp: click here
1.Who are allowed to take part in Session 5 and Session 8?
A.Mr Johnson and his wife.
B.A couple without children.
C.Mr Black and his 19-year-old son.
D.Mrs Black and her 21-year-old daughter.
2.If Mr and Mrs Brown have a "CAMPS" coupon and want to join in the Summer Surf Camp from June 30th to July 3rd, how much should they pay?
A.$600. B.$760. C.$800. D.$950.
3.What can we know from the form?
A.The campers are supervised all day.
B.A couple can sign up and join in the Camp by fax.
C.Parents can take part in Session 3 together with their children.
D.An adult can join in the Summer Surf Camp on any day in June.
