Question

In August 2015, President Obama announced that North America’s highest mountain, Mount McKinley, would be renamed. Its new moniker（名字）, Denali, was actually its original Aleut name, meaning “the high one”. The previous name, on the other hand, only dates back to 1896—the year when it was named in honour of William McKinley（1843—1901）, who was shortly to become President of the United States. Denali is of course not the only mountain with an interesting linguistic history, so let’s travel to Asia, and across Europe, to explore the naming of those continents’ most famous peaks and mountain ranges.

The Nepalese name Himalaya comes from a Sanskrit word meaning “Abode of Snow”, from hima for “snow” and ālaya for “abode”. In Buddhist sources, Himalaya is known by various names such as Himavā and Himavanta.

In 1856, Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest （1790—1866）, who was the superintendent （负责人） of the Trigonometrical Survey of India. Everest himself was initially displeased by the naming, since he feared that local inhabitants might not be able to pronounce it.

K2 stands for Karakoram 2, because it was the second peak to be surveyed in the Trigonometrical Survey in the Karakoram system. It was also formerly known as Mount Godwin Austen after Col. H. H. Godwin Austen, who first surveyed it. Another alternative name for the mountain is Chhogori.

Annapurna is a household Goddess for Hindus, who guarantees to her worshippers （崇拜者）that food will not fail. The name derives(源出) from a Sanskrit word meaning “one who gives nourishment”.

The Matterhorn’s name derives from the name of the nearby town of Zermatt, the second element of which is apparently Matte “meadow”, and Horn, “horn”. Horn is not an unusual element in German names of mountains with jutting（突出的）peaks. The mountain is called Mont Cervin in French and Monte Cervino in Italian, from the Italian adjective cervino “deer-like”, which conjures up （使想起）a deer’s antlers.

Ben Nevis is the Anglicized form of the Scottish Gaelic name Beinn Nibheis, which means“Mountain by the（River）Nevis”. The name of the river apparently derives from a Celtic root for “water”.

1.How many continents’ mountains are mentioned in the passage?

A. 2             B. 3                C. 4               D. 5

2.Himalaya is a mountain also named ________.

A. Nepalese       B. Abode of Snow    C. Alaya            D. Himavā

3.Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?

A. Everest was unhappy about the name of Mount Everest at first.

B. K2 was once called Col. H. H. Godwin.

C. Annapurna means “one who offers food”.

D. Matterhorn comes from the name of the nearby town of Zermatt.

4.The above mountains’ names come from sources other than _________.

A. color                        B. a Sanskrit word

C. a person’s name            D. geographic name

Answer

1.B

2.D

3.B

4.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述在2015年8月，奥巴马总统宣布北美最高的山麦金利山将改名。它的新名字为Denali，意思是“高”。原来的名字是以人名命名的。同时文章介绍了几座其他的山以及各自的名字来源。

1.B 细节理解题。根据文章的描述可知，文章中提到麦金利山、喜马拉雅山、喀喇昆仑山、马特洪峰和本尼维斯山，其中麦金利山在美洲，喜马拉雅山、喀喇昆仑山在亚洲，马特洪峰和本尼维斯山在欧洲，所以是三个大陆的山，故选B。

2.D 细节理解题。根据文章的第二段In Buddhist sources, Himalaya is known by various names such as Himavā and Himavanta.可知，故选D。

3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的描述可知，B选项错误，Col. H. H. Godwin Austen 是首先调查K2的人。故选B。

4. 细节理解题。根据文章的描述，山的名字的命名有根据梵文、人名、与地理名称，但没提到颜色，故选A。

考点：考查文化类阅读

【名师点睛】

英语高考阅读理解细节题解题技巧

一、语义转换题——跳读查找法这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。比如第25小题，细节理解题。根据文章的第二段In Buddhist sources, Himalaya is known by various names such as Himavā and Himavanta.可知，故选D。

二、生活应用题——常识理解法生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。不过有趣的是，高考有时会出现一些“低级”常识判断题，即无需看懂文章，也可选出最佳答案。

三、细节排序题——首尾定位法

这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。比如第23题：细节理解题。根据文章的描述可知，文章中提到麦金利山、喜马拉雅山、喀喇昆仑山、马特洪峰和本尼维斯山，其中麦金利山在美洲，喜马拉雅山、喀喇昆仑山在亚洲，马特洪峰和本尼维斯山在欧洲，所以是三个大陆的山，故选B。

四、寻找信息题——题干定位法快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”。