阅读理解。
Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it.What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
1.What is the major function of Paragraph 1?
A．To arouse the reader's concern.
B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C．To summarize the whole passage.
D．To state how climate changes.
2.What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?
A．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
3.Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes' effects?
A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.
C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.
D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
完形填空。
Communication is an important part of any relationship.Many of us are ____ to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. But when it's our turn to lend a(n) ____，we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to ____ and offer advice.
That's because of what researchers call “listener burnout (精疲力竭)”. A friend might talk to us ____， often complaining about the same ____ problems. When we offer quick advice to ____ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to ____ ourselves from burnout.However, good listeners ____ their natural tendency to solve the other's problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief.
To be a good ____， you need to use “active listening”. It starts with the real ____ to help others and think through their feelings. Don't ____ things. You can start by putting your phone ____ and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions ____ what he or she is saying.____ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other person's ____ by reflecting them back：“That must be really hard for you.” Use ____ words or even sounds such as “yes” “right”， and “hmm” to ____ the other person to continue.
Of course, a ____ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical.But don't get defensive.Effective listeners don't ____ negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey ____responding.
1.A．afraid B．hesitant C．shy D．eager
2.A．shoulder B．hand C．ear D．eye
3.A．respond B．explain C．argue D．quit
4.A．aimlessly B．endlessly C．deliberately D．cautiously
5.A．difficult B．old C．acute D．sensitive
6.A．fix B．discuss C．create D．describe
7.A．forgive B．protect C．discourage D．prevent
8.A．follow B．display C．form D．overcome
9.A．reader B．partner C．listener D．speaker
10.A．demand B．habit C．desire D．ability
11.A．skip B．rush C．overlook D．postpone
12.A．away B．off C．out D．up
13.A．record B．restrict C．reflect D．replace
14.A．Whether B．Since C．While D．If
15.A．suggestions B．purposes C．responses D．feelings
16.A．big B．tough C．strong D．short
17.A．force B．remind C．encourage D．convince
18.A．conversation B．suggestion C．problem D．lecture
19.A．give up B．make up C．leave out D．block out
20.A．after B．before C．while D．once
阅读理解。
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
1.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A．By controlling his muscles.
B．By talking to the machine.
C．By moving his hand.
D．By using his mind.
2.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
3.The team will test with real patients to________.
A．make profits from them
B．prove the technology useful to them
C．make them live longer
D．learn about their physical condition
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings about How the Human Brain Works
C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
阅读理解。
In a computer age, a broadband Internet connection is very popular now.Whether cable or mobile broadband, today's connections are many times faster than those in the early days.Videos play smoothly, complex websites load quickly, and files download much faster than ten years ago. And the files are much bigger too.
There's a hidden problem：you have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet. If you don't, it's slow dialup access for you. And for those living really far away，there may be no Internet access at all.
Technology experts often talk about the “last mile” problem, which refers to the difficulty of bringing Internet access to remote locations. In cities and suburbs(郊区), it's relatively easy to provide access for everyone. It is much more difficult to deliver access to those living far from cities，especially in developing countries. Internet service providers，for their part，have been reluctant to provide access to sparsely (稀疏地) populated areas. The handful of Internet users they would reach wouldn't cover the expense.
But every year，technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users.Most broadband connections today run over existing cable TV and telephone lines although these technologies aren't available everywhere.
Some companies have delivered the Internet over standard power lines.Advancements in cheaper and more efficient fiberoptic cables(光缆)promise to bring extremely fast Internet connections to more users.Still, the “last mile” problem remains hard to deal with.There will always be somewhere that doesn't have an affordable broadband connection. But someday that might not matter. If the rapid progress in cellphone technology has any indication, it may not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Internet connections have been popular everywhere.
B．Internet service providers are willing to care about rural customers.
C．The problem of Internet access hasn't been completely dealt with.
D．Computers can't become popular in developing countries.
2.Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that technological advancements ________.
A．make TV and telephone available everywhere
B．bring great change to people's everyday life
C．bring faster Internet connections to users
D．make it possible for more people to use the Internet
3.What may eventually settle the “last mile” problem?
A．The broadband connection's getting faster.
B．The rapid progress in cellphone technology.
C．More and more Internet connections.
D．More and more Internet users.
4.The best title for this passage may be “________”．
A．Internet Connection Problems
B．Internet Connections Need Improving
C．Progress in Internet Connections
D．Internet Connections Today
阅读理解。
Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it？In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating in zero gravity.
However，there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment, and that's very sad. What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show—because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space，reported The Atlantic in January. Without gravity, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just stick to your eyes.
In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks.“Tears，” he said, “don't fall off your eye... They just kind of stay there.”
Besides making your vision unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes.But that's not the case in space.The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. “My right eye is painful like crazy.” Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears.Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait—“When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around，”astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.
There are lots of small things—things like crying—that we are so used to on Earth. We usually take them for granted, until they become a problem in a totally different environment，like space. There, astronauts can't talk to each other directly. They also can't eat or drink in normal ways. They can't even burp(打隔), because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up throwing up(呕吐) everything in their stomach，according to the UK National Space Center.
Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say：“Gravity, you're the best.”
1.What can we conclude from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Astronauts are unable to feel sad in space.
B．Astronauts produce fewer tears in space.
C．Tears produced in space flow down more slowly.
D．Tears produced in space don't flow downward.
2.What effect do tears have on astronauts?
A．They cause physical pain.
B．They bring comfort to them.
C．They make their vision clearer.
D．They float around and cause trouble.
3.What can the astronaut do to get rid of the tears?
A．Rub his eyes against his helmet to let the tears float forward.
B．Rub his eyes by hand to let the tears float around.
C．Get the tears big enough to fall off of his eyes.
D．Get the tears big enough to break away from his eyes.
4.What's the last but one paragraph mainly about?
A．Suggestions on how astronauts can stay comfortable in space.
B．Other basic things that are difficult to do in space.
C．Why burping is impossible in space.
D．Things that humans can't do without gravity.
阅读理解。
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert，to build a device(设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype(原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough(面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”—a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn't show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients (配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy.But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A．To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B．To show they live a difficult life there.
C．To show their life is boring in space.
D．To introduce the topic of the text.
2.NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ________.
A．create some new type of 3D printer
B．attract more companies to work for NASA
C．help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D．produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ________.
A．he has no money left to go on with his research
B．the pizza doesn't seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C．he has no way to make pizza that can last forthirty years
D．he cannot make the food container last for decades
4.What's the best title of the passage?
A．NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B．Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C．NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D．A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
