阅读理解。
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
1.How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A．By controlling his muscles.
B．By talking to the machine.
C．By moving his hand.
D．By using his mind.
2.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
3.The team will test with real patients to________.
A．make profits from them
B．prove the technology useful to them
C．make them live longer
D．learn about their physical condition
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings about How the Human Brain Works
C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
阅读理解。
In a computer age, a broadband Internet connection is very popular now.Whether cable or mobile broadband, today's connections are many times faster than those in the early days.Videos play smoothly, complex websites load quickly, and files download much faster than ten years ago. And the files are much bigger too.
There's a hidden problem：you have to live near enough to a major city to get broadband Internet. If you don't, it's slow dialup access for you. And for those living really far away，there may be no Internet access at all.
Technology experts often talk about the “last mile” problem, which refers to the difficulty of bringing Internet access to remote locations. In cities and suburbs(郊区), it's relatively easy to provide access for everyone. It is much more difficult to deliver access to those living far from cities，especially in developing countries. Internet service providers，for their part，have been reluctant to provide access to sparsely (稀疏地) populated areas. The handful of Internet users they would reach wouldn't cover the expense.
But every year，technological advancements allow of more and more Internet users.Most broadband connections today run over existing cable TV and telephone lines although these technologies aren't available everywhere.
Some companies have delivered the Internet over standard power lines.Advancements in cheaper and more efficient fiberoptic cables(光缆)promise to bring extremely fast Internet connections to more users.Still, the “last mile” problem remains hard to deal with.There will always be somewhere that doesn't have an affordable broadband connection. But someday that might not matter. If the rapid progress in cellphone technology has any indication, it may not be too long before an Internet connection simply follows you wherever you go.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Internet connections have been popular everywhere.
B．Internet service providers are willing to care about rural customers.
C．The problem of Internet access hasn't been completely dealt with.
D．Computers can't become popular in developing countries.
2.Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that technological advancements ________.
A．make TV and telephone available everywhere
B．bring great change to people's everyday life
C．bring faster Internet connections to users
D．make it possible for more people to use the Internet
3.What may eventually settle the “last mile” problem?
A．The broadband connection's getting faster.
B．The rapid progress in cellphone technology.
C．More and more Internet connections.
D．More and more Internet users.
4.The best title for this passage may be “________”．
A．Internet Connection Problems
B．Internet Connections Need Improving
C．Progress in Internet Connections
D．Internet Connections Today
阅读理解。
Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it？In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating in zero gravity.
However，there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment, and that's very sad. What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show—because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space，reported The Atlantic in January. Without gravity, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just stick to your eyes.
In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks.“Tears，” he said, “don't fall off your eye... They just kind of stay there.”
Besides making your vision unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes.But that's not the case in space.The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. “My right eye is painful like crazy.” Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears.Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait—“When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around，”astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.
There are lots of small things—things like crying—that we are so used to on Earth. We usually take them for granted, until they become a problem in a totally different environment，like space. There, astronauts can't talk to each other directly. They also can't eat or drink in normal ways. They can't even burp(打隔), because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up throwing up(呕吐) everything in their stomach，according to the UK National Space Center.
Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say：“Gravity, you're the best.”
1.What can we conclude from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Astronauts are unable to feel sad in space.
B．Astronauts produce fewer tears in space.
C．Tears produced in space flow down more slowly.
D．Tears produced in space don't flow downward.
2.What effect do tears have on astronauts?
A．They cause physical pain.
B．They bring comfort to them.
C．They make their vision clearer.
D．They float around and cause trouble.
3.What can the astronaut do to get rid of the tears?
A．Rub his eyes against his helmet to let the tears float forward.
B．Rub his eyes by hand to let the tears float around.
C．Get the tears big enough to fall off of his eyes.
D．Get the tears big enough to break away from his eyes.
4.What's the last but one paragraph mainly about?
A．Suggestions on how astronauts can stay comfortable in space.
B．Other basic things that are difficult to do in space.
C．Why burping is impossible in space.
D．Things that humans can't do without gravity.
阅读理解。
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert，to build a device(设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype(原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough(面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”—a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn't show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients (配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy.But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A．To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B．To show they live a difficult life there.
C．To show their life is boring in space.
D．To introduce the topic of the text.
2.NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ________.
A．create some new type of 3D printer
B．attract more companies to work for NASA
C．help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D．produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ________.
A．he has no money left to go on with his research
B．the pizza doesn't seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C．he has no way to make pizza that can last forthirty years
D．he cannot make the food container last for decades
4.What's the best title of the passage?
A．NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B．Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C．NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D．A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
阅读理解。
Contrary to people's previous knowledge, it's food shortage not dietary preference that motivates birds to migrate thousands of miles back and forth between breeding and nonbreeding areas each year, a new research shows.
“It's not whether you eat insects，fruits or candy bars or where you eat them that counts，but how reliable that daytoday food source is，” said the study leader W．Alice Boyle of the University of Arizona.
To figure out the underlying pressure that drives some birds to leave home for the season，Boyle examined 379 related species of New World flycatchers(捕蝇鸟) and compared their sizes，food types, habitats, migratory behaviors and whether or not they fed in flocks.
To compare the birds，the researchers constructed a “supertree” showing the exact evolutionary relationships among different species.
A computer analysis then determined whether a particular species was migratory because it ran in the “family” or whether something in the bird's environment was forcing it to leave each season.Boyle and her colleagues found that food shortage was the number one issue that predicted a species' migratory behavior. “Food availability is the underlying pressure, not diet and habitat，” Boyle said.
An alternative strategy that the birds use to handle food shortage is to hunt in flocks, since a group is more likely to find a new source of food than an individual.
“If you suffer from food shortage, you have two options，” Boyle said.“You can either hunt with other birds or you can migrate.”
1.Birds were thought to migrate in order to ________.
A．seek their favorite food in a new place
B．avoid being constantly hunted
C．breed more young in a new place
D．adjust themselves to the changes of weather
2.What is Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about?
A．The aim of the research.
B．The basis of the research.
C．The process of the research.
D．The findings of the research.
3.The passage implies that ________.
A．the birds' food sources are getting rare in the world
B．the living surroundings are severe for birds
C．birds search for food separately
D．birds can survive only by hunting in flocks
4.For what purpose does the author write the text?
A．Educating readers.
B．Informing readers.
C．Drawing people's attention.
D．Condemning the bad environment.
完形填空。
When I was a young boy, my parents often told me that it was time that teaches a man everything.I didn't understand and wondered why time had such a big ____ on a person.I thought I could grow up quickly to ____ it out as an adult.But now, before I come to knock at the door of ____， I feel anxious to express my own opinion on this ____.I know that I'm just a high school student with very ____ experiences.There are still many things ____ me in the future, yet I would like to express myself in a childish voice.
I once read this sentence，“To make this world a happy place to live in, you'd better change yourself and your heart，____ the whole world.”I was ____.It made me think about life itself.There are so many things around us that ____ our will.We can't force life to ____ our wishes.The earth won't stop turning no matter whether we accept it or not.What we can do is just to make ourselves ____ with the world.I think we learn to accept ____ life gives us，whether it's the spring sunlight ____ the winter snowfall, and try to be happy.
Deeply ____ by the pop song Grandmother, I always try to ____ every pleasant thing in my life.____ now I see I can't catch all of them.It is more likely that they slip by and leave you feeling regretful that I'm not just living for myself and that there are others around me I ____ think of.They all pay attention to my growing up，____ it's just a little progress.
Everyone has his or her own attitude towards life, positive or ____.It doesn't matter, I think.There is one ____ that should be obeyed—to make this world a better place to live in.
1.A．pressure B．impression C．influence D．direction
2.A．put B．find C．leave D．give
3.A．childhood B．neighborhood C．brotherhood D．adulthood
4.A．saying B．idea C．fact D．practice
5.A．respected B．valued C．limited D．admired
6.A．waiting for B．applying for C．dealing with D．sticking with
7.A．except for B．as for C．instead of D．in spite of
8.A．scared B．impressed C．annoyed D．amused
9.A．go with B．go by C．go ahead D．go against
10.A．realize B．accept C．consider D．follow
11.A．fight with B．turn down C．fit in D．laugh at
12.A．what B．which C．that D．how
13.A．and B．or C．so D．yet
14.A．worried B．confused C．concerned D．moved
15.A．create B．uncover C．grasp D．achieve
16.A．But B．So C．Thus D．And
17.A．can B．should C．will D．need
18.A．in case B．so that C．even if D．only when
19.A．relevant B．false C．negative D．unreal
20.A．point B．word C．thing D．rule
