阅读理解。
Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments. Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology （心理学）. Before beginning a study, however, any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 1.
◆ Form a hypothesis （假设）. It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 2. Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.
◆ Plan out a study. Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time, materials, and testing area prepared beforehand. This step also helps the scientist to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research. The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research. 3. Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.
◆ Collect data. 4. If the data collected is not recorded and organized, the entire efforts of the study may be wasted. The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost.
◆ Analyze the data. Once all the data has been collected and organized, it must be analyzed. Using previous research or scientific information about the problem, the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.
◆ Publish the information learned. The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 5. Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals.
A. It is based on scientific facts, not just opinions.
B. Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.
C. Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps.
D. This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.
E. The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.
F. To fully understand the study, each part of the experiment must be recorded.
G. Sometimes, however, this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France’s most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain, believed to have once been a site for prayer, is scattered (散布) with 4,000-year-old drawings cut into bare rock. They include pictures of cows with horns, cultivated fields (耕地) and various gods and goddesses. But as the popularity of the site increases, the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti (涂鸦).
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says, “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings, wearing away the rock and definition (清晰) of the artwork as they do so. Some visitors, he says, even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs. “When people think they can’t take a good enough photograph, they rub the drawings to get a clearer picture,” he said. “The drawings are polished by the weather, and if the sun is shining and the visitors can’t see them properly they simply rub them to make them look fresher.” Other researchers describe how people arrive carrying long sticks with sharp ends to scratch (刮) their own drawings, or even their names, in the rocks.
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings. Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours. Otherwise, he says, not only will the site be completely destroyed but important research work will be reduced.
Clottes disagrees, “The measure suggested by Henry de Lumley is the most severe, and while it is the most effective, it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there,” he said. “The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture, and we must do as much as possible to save what is there.”
David Lavergne, the regional architect, also wants to avoid closing the site. “Henry de Lumley’s idea isn’t ideal,” he said. “Our department feels that the best solution is to let people look at the site, but because the area is very big it is difficult to prevent visitors from damaging it. I would prefer that everyone was able to look at it, but the main problem is money. We do not have the funds to employ the necessary number of guards. We may have to consider charging a fee. It doesn’t seem to be possible to get the government support.”
In Nice, Annie Echassoux, who also worked on researching the site, is alarmed that as the mountain becomes easier to reach — tourists can now avoid the three-and-a-half-hour walk by hiring vehicles — the damage will increase rapidly. She thinks that the only solution is to rope off the area and provide guides. “You can’t say the plan can’t go ahead because there is no money,” she said. “That is not good enough. Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site. If we don’t take steps, we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation.”
1.Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain____.
A. do not believe the drawings are old.
B. believe they are allowed to paint there
C. think the drawings should be left alone
D. think the drawings will not disappear
2.According to Jean Clottes, some of the visitors to the area have____.
A. helped to clean the drawings
B. taken bits of the rock home
C. been unable to take photographs
D. misunderstood what the pictures mean
3.Henry de Lumley is eager to ____.
A. set up research projects
B. protect public rights
C. keep out individual visitors
D. ban traffic in the area
4.This passage has been written about Mont Bego to ____.
A. advertise the closing of the site
B. warn visitors about the dangers of the site
C. encourage scientists to visit the site
D. describe fears for the future of the site
语法填空。
It is becoming increasingly hard to avoid watching reality television in China，such as the Voice of China，China’s Got Talent，or Super Boy．In America，Big Brother 1. (broadcast)five days a week．Survivor Finale appears on the front page of the New York Post after gaining ratings(收视率)that are much 2. (high)than NBA．Americans seem addicted to reality television programs 3. ordinary people compete in weeks—long contests while being filmed 24 hours a day．But why?
One of the most commonly repeated “4. (true)”about reality TV viewers is that they watch in order to talk with friends about the show，but the explanation is quite 5.(correct)．
In fact fans of the shows have 6. much stronger desire for status．They are much more likely to agree with statements such as “Reputation is important to me”．It represents a means to get attention．And more attention increases one’s sense of 7. (important)．We think we are important if others pay attention to us and unimportant if 8. (ignore)．
Ordinary people can watch the shows，see people 1ike 9. (them)and imagine that they also could become famous by being on television． 10. is the reality TV show that gives them a sense of being a star in crowd．
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My name is Richie Jewell.I'm 20 years old and I've been diagnosed(诊断)with autism(自闭症)since the age of 2.I'd like to ________ my story with you about my life with autism.
Firstly，autism makes me a loner.I can't easily ____ too much human-to-human communication at the same time.I find it difficult to process all that spoken and unspoken information.I also ______ some other stuff that has been a rocky roadblock during my life.It's very ______ to live through the times that I endured(忍耐)during my life ______ teasing，struggling to adapt to new ______ like schools，on and off depression，______ seeing my relative's death and the struggles with my disability.Well despite all of those horrible _______ that tried to cut me down，I have overcome them.
Those things I mentioned are just a(n)_______ part of my life._______，there are good things in my life.Currently，I work at a local library to get some ________．Outside of that，I'm a writer and motivational speaker to reach people and _______ their spirits(精神)．Now，I'm writing a book titled Through My Eyes：The Richie Jewell Chronicles and 50 Poems，which is about my life and the 50 _______ I've written.
Every day，there will be ______ challenges that are going to confront(降临于)me，but I will get stronger as I _______ them.Now，autism can still affect me and I go back into my own little _______ for a short time，then I bring myself back by trying to be as _______ as I can.I have a few ______ to be sociable with people.The first one is to ask others about how their day is going.______ the reply，and then try to talk about something we have in ______．
I am happy to lead an independent life and learn more things each day now and in the future.
1.A．discuss B．share C．exchange D．create
2.A．handle B．establish C．destroy D．improve
3.A．give up B．show off C．go through D．look for
4.A．disappointing B．worrying C．unsatisfying D．challenging
5.A．even if B．in case C．as well as D．such as
6.A．places B．threats C．trends D．realities
7.A．strangely B．helplessly C．carefully D．curiously
8.A．diseases B．disasters C．barriers D．scenes
9.A．difficult B．active C．central D．wonderful
10.A．Gradually B．Certainly C．Impossibly D．Simply
11.A．support B．rest C．money D．advice
12.A．break B．recover C．understand D．raise
13.A．letters B．books C．reports D．poems
14.A．huge B．additional C．new D．unique
15.A．own B．conquer C．refuse D．examine
16.A．world B．garden C．house D．project
17.A．sociable B．excellent C．honest D．beautiful
18.A．aims B．tips C．choices D．questions
19.A．Complain about B．Send back C．Wait for D．Think of
20.A．mind B．need C．hand D．common
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。
Most teenagers in the United States spend their time trying to make time for school，family and friends.But some choose bigger goals.
At age 15，Winter Vinecki has already had more successes than most people have in their lifetime.“I recently completed a marathon on all seven continents and became the youngest person in the world to do so.And I was really doing this for my dad.”
Doctors discovered that Winter's father had a rare and deadly form of prostate(前列腺)cancer when she was nine years old.Then he died 10 months later.“When he was first diagnosed(诊断)with prostate cancer I immediately knew I had to do something to help him.That's when I formed Team Winter for prostate cancer research and awareness.”
Through Team Winter and social media，Winter Vinecki has raised almost 500，000 dollars.She has taken prostate cancer education worldwide through foot races called marathons，on seven continents.In the United States she travels continually to talk about prostate cancer and urge others to act.
Winter Vinecki attended a conference recently in Los Angeles，California and spoke at the conference as one of several teenagers who spoke about young people who were living extraordinary lives.
“So prostate cancer is much more common but men don't want to talk about it.So that is why a ten-year-old girl had to go out there and start talking about it for them.”
Another speaker was Jack Andraka who invented a sensor which is not as expensive as traditional equipment that can't be afforded by most common people.It can identify cancers of the pancreas(胰腺)and lungs.He was 15 at the time.
Jack is now 17 and seeking patents(专利)for his latest inventions.He has developed low-cost water quality equipment which can help identify and remove heavy metals and poisonous chemicals from water.
“I hope to see them used in the developing nations such as Bangladesh and parts of China and India，especially as well as in parts of Africa，where these heavy metal and pesticides(农药) and other kinds of waste are a major problem.”
1.We can learn that Winter Vinecki's father died ______．
A．about 5 years ago
B．not long ago this year
C．only 10 months ago
D．when she was about 15
2.Winter Vinecki took part in marathons mainly to ________．
A．try to realize her father's last wish
B．receive education about prostate cancer
C．spread knowledge of prostate cancer
D．raise money for patients with cancer
3.From what Winter Vinecki said at the conference，it can be inferred that ________．
A．it's more proper for children to talk about prostate cancer
B．she had to do what others didn't want to do after her father died
C．most people don't know prostate cancer because it is a rare disease
D．several teenagers there supported her by speaking about prostate cancer
4.What do you know about Jack Andraka's new invention?
A．It was invented when he was 15.
B．It is widely used in developing countries.
C．It is designed to make polluted water cleaner.
D．It is under improvement because it costs too much.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。
A British man has been reunited with his leather wallet—nearly twenty years after it was lost during a train ride across Switzerland.
It appears no one stole anything during the 18 years that Colin Mendoza's wallet was missing as it still contains the passport and his credit cards(信用卡)，driving license，receipts and an identification card from an old job.But where it was all this time and how it was discovered remains a mystery.
Colin still isn't certain how he lost the wallet while traveling by train from Zurich Airport to Geneva in 1996.He fell asleep on the train and didn't realize it was missing until he was getting into a car in Geneva.He reported it missing to the police.
Years passed and Colin forgot about the incident until he received an e-mail from a police officer in the tiny Swiss mountain town of Chur.It turns out someone found the wallet on the floor of a shopping centre in Chur and handed it in to local police.After a quick search online an officer found his e-mail address.
Colin，50，said：“When I received the e-mail I thought that was unexpected and happened suddenly.I'm not sure what I'm going to do with it.”Colin said the wallet itself－a birthday gift from his wife－is in good condition and showing few signs of additional wear and tear.“I'm amazed at its good condition and that it had my entire old ID －my passport，driving license，old company ID and all my credit cards.”Colin said the police haven't figured out how the wallet ended up in Chur.
A police spokesman said：“We have no idea how it found its way from the train to a shopping centre.But the_man was happy to have it recovered.”
1.Colin Mendoza lost his wallet when he ________．
A．went shopping in a shopping centre in Chur
B．was traveling by train in Switzerland
C．was celebrating his birthday with his wife
D．was working with his workmates in the company
2.What do you know about Colin Mendoza's wallet?
A．It was made by his wife.
B．It was broken completely.
C．It was empty when found again.
D．It was a birthday gift for him.
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The thief put Colin's wallet on the floor of a shopping centre.
B．Until now no one knows how the wallet was recovered.
C．The police found Colin's address by communicating with his company.
D．When Colin found his wallet was missing，he telephoned his wife at once.
4.The underlined words“the man”in the last paragraph probably refer to ________．
A．Colin Mendoza
B．the police officer
C．the person who found the wallet
D．the car driver
