Question

Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

Her name was Rosalind Franklin.” She should have been up there,” says historian（历史学家） Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars（学者）doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors

At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.

But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson  and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that  “Franklin was only two steps away  from the solution.”

No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.

B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

C. The process of discovering DNA.

D. The race between two teams of scientists.

2.Watson was angry with Franklin because she             .

A. took the lead in the competition

B. kept her results from him

C. proved some of his findings wrong

D. shared her data with other scientists

3.Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?

A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.

C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

4.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A. Disapproving.     B. Respectful.

C.  Admiring.      D. Doubtful.

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.A

【解析】

试题分析：试题分析：本文讲述了主人公Franklin对发现DNA的贡献，但却始终不为人所知的一系列事情。

1.B主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Franklin的一系列事情，第一自然段作者提到"The fourth, ----- was left out "，最后一段也提到"She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA.She must be considered a co-discoverer,"由此看出命运对她的不公，选B。

2.C细节理解题。由"What she did was ------- And she was not shy about saying so",可知选C。

3.D细节理解题。从文中看出作者多次提及Franklin对发现DNA的贡献，但却始终不为人所知，由此理解dark，所以称为"Dark Lady of DNA"，选D。

4.观点、态度题。由倒数第二段"As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, -----from the solution." 可推出作者是不赞成，选A。

【名师点评】本文讲述了主人公Franklin对发现DNA的贡献，但却始终不为人所知的一系列事情。本文所设试题主要考查细节查找，对于文章中的细节题，要注意文本内容的理解。关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。

【学法指导】

抓住文章主线，归纳文章中心

要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。比如第5小题B主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Franklin的一系列事情，第一自然段作者提到"The fourth, ----- was left out "，最后一段也提到"She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA.She must be considered a co-discoverer,"由此看出命运对她的不公，选B。

考点：考查人物传记类短文