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The ocean is always moving:waves break o...

The ocean is always movingwaves break on the surface, sea levels rise and fall with the tides, and currents flow below the surface. Although it looks as if the water in a wave is moving across the surface of the ocean, it is not. The water is actually moving up and down. This is why an object on top of a wave will bob up and down, but not move forward.

When a wave reaches the shore, however, the water does move forward. It surges(前进 )onto the shore. This is because the “bottom” of the wave drags on the sand and the “top” continues on, crashing onto the shore. This crashing water is called the surf. Most waves are caused by wind blowing across the ocean's surface. The size of a wave depends on how fast and how far the wind blows over the surface and on the depth of the wave. Small winds can cause ripples, while strong winds create large hurricane waves.

Along most shorelines. water levels rise and fall twice a day. These changes, called tides. are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon. The ocean surface lifts, or bulges(凸出), in two places: on the side of Earth that faces the Moon and on the side of Earth that faces away from the Moon. Both bulges cause a high tide on nearby shorelines. At the same time that the high tides occur, low tides occur between the two bulges.

Tides are also affected by the pull of the Sun, although the effect of the Sun is not as great as the effect of the Moon. When the Moon and Sun are lined up with Earth, the combined pull is the strongest, causing the highest high tides and the lowest low tides. These very high and very low tides are called spring tides. Weaker tides, called neap tides, happen when the Moon and the Sun are at right angles to Earth. High tides alternate with low tides. Along most shorelines, a high tide or low tide occurs about every six hours.

1.The word “alternate” in the last paragraph means         .

A. appear suddenly

B. bob up and down

C. change or become quickly

D. happen or follow one after another

2.The best title for the passage is        .

A. The Moving Ocean       B. Tides and Waves

C. Ocean and Earth        D. Waves and Currents

 

1.D 2.A 【解析】 试题分析:文章主要介绍了海洋的运动形式。海洋运动包括海浪、潮汐和洋流等。海浪打破海面的宁静;潮汐引起海平面的上升和下降;洋流在海面以下流动。 1.D猜测词义题。根据第一段“an object on top of a wave will bob up and down”可知, B项指的是漂浮的物体随着海水上下波动;根据最后一段“a high tide or low tide occurs about every six hours”可知, 高潮和低潮每六小时更替一次, 说明划线词是“交替”之意。另外, 根据词根alter也可猜测划线词的词性和意思, 故选D。 2.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知, 本文主要讲了海洋的运动, 海洋运动包括海浪、潮汐和洋流等。B、D两项都只是提到了海洋运动形式中的两种, 不够全面;文章没有提到海洋和地球的关系, 故选A。 【名师点睛】 主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践,这类题目考察的范围是:基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。 选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨,通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有: 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当,用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有: 1. What would be the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text? 3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________. 4. The topic of this passage is _________. 不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”,实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容,找出贯穿语篇的主线;不管是何种体裁的文章,总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上,3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及,但并非主要内容,需要注意甄别。 考点:科普类短文阅读
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