Question

Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity（湿度）.

In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温）, which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C. Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9-15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.

In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6-41.7°C. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.

1.Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?

A．Because their bodies are unusually efficient.

B．Because they experience different climates.

C．Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.

D．Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.

2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?

A．The dangerous effects of hypothermia.

B．The change of body temperature.

C．The survival of the Swedish woman.

D．The regulating systems of natural temperature.

3.People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature         .

A．higher than 34.4°C    B．lower than 29.4°C

C．between 40.6-41.7°C   D．between 34.4-37°C

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A．Surviving in an ice trap

B．Getting to know hypothermia

C．Adapting to climate extremes

D．Changing core body temperature

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。

1.

2.

3.

4.

【名师点睛】

选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：

1. What would be the best title for the text?

2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?

3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.

4. The topic of this passage is _________.

不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。

文章标题的选择或拟定

1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；

2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；

3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小；

4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。

要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。

比如某一文章的中心句子为：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.

话题：Coffee

控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world 标题：Coffee Around the World。

考点：考查科普说明文阅读