Question

任务型阅读,请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Antibiotics, insulin, organ transplantation, HIV treatments and heart-bypass surgeries—it reads like an A to Z of medical progress. But the major progress has something in common: they were all developed and tested by using animals. Actually, animals are used for research in a variety of settings. Whether or not humans should use animals for testing purposes, however, is a controversial subject.

Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society. For example, many drugs used to treat or prevent cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc, have resulted from tests performed on animals. Many advocators of animal testing support the practice for this reason, even if they do not support testing, cosmetics or other non-essential substances on animals. No one chooses to use animals where there in no need. In fact, animal research has contributed to 70 percent of Nobel prizes for physiology or medicine.

Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine and other substances with which humans have regular contact. Drugs, for example , may create significant risks to humans, so testing them on animals first gives researchers a chance to determine their safety before human trials are performed. While scientists understand the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered significant enough to produce relevant data that they can then apply to humans. This, animal testing reduces harm to humans and saves lives, not only because the exposure to risky substances is minimized, but because some new medicine and treatments have positive effects on humans’ overall quality of life.

However, a significant number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing. Unfortunately, many of the substances used on animal subjects never receive approval for human use or consumption. Those who oppose animal testing consider this a very important point , because saving humans from suffering is no excuse for the death of laboratory animals. Opponents also argue that animals are dissimilar enough from humans to make the results of animals tests unreliable. Related criticism is that testing causes stress in animals, meaning that they do not react to experimental substances in the same way that they might in natural circumstances, making the results of experiments less valid

Using animals as research subjects is also expensive because they require food, shelter, care and treatment in addition to the costs of experimental substances. Long-term or multi-stage tests can increase the costs of the practice as well. The actual price paid for animals is also worth considering. In this respect, researchers take on an additional burden.

Title	Should Humans Experiment on Animals?
Introduction	Many __1.___ have been made on medical research by using animal testing
__2.______ about animal testing	People _3._____ up for it	New medicine and treatments can be developed. Advancements in the field of medicine and _4._________ in humans’ health can be made. Researchers can __5._____patients  the safety of new treatments and medicine. Scientists can collect research data in ____6.______ with humans’ medical problem. Harm done to humans will be reduced to the 【小题7___ and more lives will be saved.
People opposing it	The experiments may put many animals’ lives at _7._______. Experiments may not ____8.____ produce reliable results because animals do not react normally under stress. Researchers will be __9._______ with the extra costs of animals and their care.

Answer

1.advances

2.Opinions/Views

3.standing

4.improvement(s)

5.guarantee/ensure

6.link/connection

7.minimum

8.risk

9.necessarily

10.burdened

【解析】

试题分析：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了人们对于动物实验的两种对立的态度。

1.advances 考查词性转换。从第二段第一句“Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society.”可知，可把原文中的现在分词转化为名词。

2.Opinions/Views 考查内容归纳。从表格可以看出，人们对于动物实验分别抱有赞成和发对的态度。

3.standing 考查内容归纳。从表格右边的内容可知，空格对应的是赞成的人。stand up for支持。

4.improvement(s) 考查词性转换。从第二段第一句“Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and treatments, advancing the field of medicine and improving the health of society.”可知，可把原文中的现在分词转化为名词。

5.guarantee/ensure 考查同义表述。从第三段第一句“Animal testing also enables scientists and researchers to test the safety of medicine and other substances with which humans have regular contact.”可知，科学家能通过动物实验测试药物的安全，也就是说动物测试能保证患者安全。

6.link/connection 考查同义表述。从第三段倒数第二句“While scientists understand the differences between humans and animals, the similarities are considered significant enough to produce relevant data that they can then apply to humans.”中的“relevant”可知，空格处填入与此词意思相近的词。

7.minimum 考查词性转换。从第三段最后一句“This, animal testing reduces harm to humans and saves lives, not only because the exposure to risky substances is minimized, but because some new medicine and treatments have positive effects on humans’ overall quality of life.”可知，过去分词转换成名词。

8.risk 考查同义表述。从第四段第一句“However, a significant number of animals are harmed or die as a result of experiments and testing.”动物实验导致很多动物受到伤害或者死亡，也就是说使动物处于危险之中。

9.necessarily 考查同义表述。根据倒数第二段倒数第一句“Related criticism is that testing causes stress in animals, meaning that they do not react to experimental substances in the same way that they might in natural circumstances, making the results of experiments less valid.”

可知，动物实验不一定能提供可靠的根据。

10.burdened 考查词性转换。从最后一段最后一句“The actual price paid for animals is also worth considering. In this respect, researchers take on an additional burden.”可知照料动物会使实验者感到重负荷。

【名师点睛】

总结式的任务阅读理解。此类题主要有两种形式：

1.词性转换。只要确定关键词然后按照句子的需要进行转换即可。比如第71题，把原文中的现在分词advancing转化为名词advances。

2.同义表述。确定关键句子，按句子要求解题。此类题有一定难度，需要对句子结构有相当地了解，并且能根据语境填入恰当的单词。比如第78题，把“harmed or die”用“risk”替换。

考点：考查日常生活类阅读。