Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular , he showed that all games fall into two classes : there are what he called games of “ perfect information ” , games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks : they don’t win by chance , but by means of logic and skills . Then there are games of “imperfect information”, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of “perfect information”. Quite the reverse, business, polities, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors, which would even puzzle the best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
1.The subject discussed in this text is __________.
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess.
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
2.An important factor in a game of imperfect information is __________.
A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideas
3.Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse ” in Paragraph 3 ?
A. Quite right. B. True enough.
C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.
4.In the writer’s opinion, when making business decisions one should _________.
A. put perfect information before imperfect information
B. accept the existence of unknown factors
C. regard business as a game of chess
D. mix known and unknown factors
假定你叫李华,是我校高三（2）班的学生。你在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事，请阅读启事，并根据写作要点和写作要求写一封应征邮件。
Volunteers Wanted
Our annual English Festival, which will be held on November 12,2015, , is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate. If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef.com.
写作要点： 1.表明意图；2.陈述应征目的；3.说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。
写作要求： 1.词数:100词左右； 2.开头和结尾部分已写好，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear MS Chen,
I’m a student from Class 2,Grade 3.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
语法填空,阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1～10的相应位置上。
A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by asking people whether they were happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones 1. ___ (include). Although people played jokes 2. the answers, it did not take long 3. __ they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.
It is certain that people’s views on happiness 4. ___(affect) greatly by their own life experience. Unfortunately, too many people refer to being rich as happiness and there is no sign of 5. decrease in the number of those who are voluntarily at the mercy of wealth. Some people whose 6. ____(intend) is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is _7._____ their happiness lies. Some are eager to inherit their parents’ property, especially those who 8. __(be) known as silver-spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune __9.____(legal).
In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely but about admiring the beautiful things in life. Therefore, live your life ___10.____the fullest and be happy.
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Life becomes easier when you learn to accept an apology you never got. I’ve always tried to keep my ________ from people who are rude, aggressive and mean. But sometimes we ________ become tied to people who might not have our best ________ at heart.
Last summer, I became involved with a(n) ________ coworker who was at a bad spot in his life. I had a lot of________ for him and decided to help him ________ this tough time, so I tried my best to ________ his rudeness when he lost his temper. However, just like a swimmer drowning in a pool, he grabbed on and ended up drowning me when I reached out and tried to ________ him. His rudeness gradually was out of ________ . One night, when I got up to get a glass of water, he started yelling at me to get back into my bedroom. I did as I was told but I was not happy about it. He ________ my shift in mood and asked what was wrong. But when I told him his behavior toward me was ________ and that I was very hurt by the way he had treated me, he was ________ . He could not understand his actions had ________ impacted me. He told me he didn’t have anything against me that there was no need for me to ________it. I used examples from his life of things that had hurt him and then tried to make the ________ that the same things also made me ________ . I said, “ I always treat you with compassion, patience and understanding, but you haven’t treated me with ________ respect.” He was silent after listening to my words. What I had said might ________ him.
People only change if they want to change. I didn’t know whether he would shift his ________or not in the future, but I would continue to________ him through my patience, understanding and kindness.
1.A. difference B. distance C. pressure D. absence
2.A. luckily B. expectantly C. unwillingly D. unavoidably
3.A. decisions B. performances C. interests D.consequences
4.A. co-operative B. kind-hearted C. easy-going D. bad-tempered
5.A. advice B. sympathy C. permission D. selection
6.A. get across B. get out of C. get through D. get off
7.A.control B.tolerate C. criticize D. explain
8.A.rescue B. persuade C. entertain D. drag
9.A. practice B. action C. control D. danger
10.A. forgave B. ignored C. understood D. noticed
11.A. unacceptable B. appropriate C. unnecessary D. traditional
12.A. surprised B. scared C. anxious D. shamed
13.A. properly B. directly C. deliberately D. equally
14.A. accept B. doubt C. refuse D. mind
15.A. summary B. analysis C. comparison D. expectation
16.A. upset B. unfriendly C. puzzled D. selfish
17.A. promised B. deserved C. proven D. intended
18.A. annoy B. satisfy C. touch D. inspire
19.A. ambition B. involvement C. requirement D. perspective
20.A. convince B. trust C. praise D. comfort
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Of the many unpleasant emotions we can experience, fear may top the list. 1. . Fear can also keep us from pursuing the things in life that really matter -- like following our dreams, and developing important relationships. I have some ideas, though, of how to be free from fear.
Experience fear.
I used to be very afraid of speaking in front of people. I would get sweaty palms and my stomach would be so tied up that I wouldn't be able to eat. However, each time I spoke, I noticed afterwards that it wasn't that bad. Things I fear are never as bad in reality as I make them out in my mind. 2. .
Create space.
The first and most important step to being fearless is to create some space between ourselves and the emotion of fear. This isn't accomplished by ignoring the fear, or trying to talk ourselves out of it. 3. . In fact, a recent research shows that by simply admitting the emotion we actually begin to reverse the "fight or flight(逃避)" response in the body.
Control the breath and feel the fear.
Once we acknowledge the presence of fear, the second step is to control the breathing so that it becomes slower and gentler. We try to make the breath just a little bit longer, and feel how fear manifests(展现) in the body. 4. .
With practice, we can create enough space between us and the emotion of fear so that we're able to replace a fearful thought with a positive one. 5. . For instance, before I get up to speak in front of a group of people, I imagine that the audience is positively impressed by what I say and that I manage to complete the speech successfully.
A. Space is created only when we can honestly acknowledge that fear exists.
B. We can imagine a positive outcome for whatever we're about to do.
C. Fear, if left uncontrolled, can even destroy our life.
D. So one way to get rid of fear is to simply push ourselves to do things that we fear.
E. When we can see a positive outcome in our mind, fear no longer holds us back.
F. But fear is more than just physically unpleasant.
G. As we pay attention to the physical symptoms of fear, we can see fear objectively.
See a cellphone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you'll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting “print” on your computer.
You might find it hard to believe that you could actually “print” an object like you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays ink onto paper line by line, modern 3D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.
Instead of ink, the materials the 3D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin(树脂) and certain metals. The thinner each layer is—from a millimetre to less than the width of a hair—the smoother and finer the object will be.
This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it.
Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3D printing industry—printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3D printer might have cost ￡20，000, while now they cost only about ￡1，000, according to the BBC.
Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3D printing can create just about anything you can think of—flutes , bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.
However, as 3D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems—such as piracy. “Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3D printer, who will visit a retail store again？” an expert in 3D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?
1.According to the article, in the future, the 3D printing technology will _______.
A. enable people to make better purchases online
B. change the way we make many products
C. be applied as widely in our daily life as computers
D. shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online
2.What happened in the 3D printing industry last year?
A. The 3D printing technology was taken out of the factory.
B. The 3D printing technology began to be used in various fields.
C. The 3D printer was used for medical treatment for the first time.
D. The 3D printer became more affordable for consumers.
3.What is the best title of the passage?
A. Great Demand for 3D Printers B. Technology in the Future
C. Online Shopping Disappearing D. Printing out Everything
4.How is the last paragraph developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing the cause and effect.
D. By presenting research findings.
