Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050.
The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter(悬浮微粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.
The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.
In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds.
The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.
The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said.
“It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy use,” Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. “You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.”
Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%. That risk is especially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.
Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report.
1.Which of the following contributes to the air pollution?
A. Particulate matter. B. Ozone.
C. Smoke D. Both A and B.
2.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.
B. 7 million deaths occur annually due to air pollution.
C. Air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually.
D. The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.
3.What might air pollution lead to?
A. Lung cancer. B. Stroke.
C. Heart failure. D. All above.
4.What can be inferred from the article?
A. Residential energy use should be stopped.
B. Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.
C. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 due to air pollution.
D. It is urgent for the government to take action.
President Xi Jinping delivers a policy speech to Chinese and United States’ CEOs during a dinner reception in Seattle, Washington, September 22, 2015.
Beijing and Washington must read each other’s strategic intentions correctly, and have “less estrangement (隔阂，疏远) and suspicion in order to forestall (预先阻止) misunderstanding and miscalculation,” said Chinese President Xi Jinping Tuesday night in his first major policy speech on China-US ties since he arrived in the US early Tuesday.
Xi called for more understanding and trust between the US and China, prior to his formal talks with President Barack Obama at the White House on Friday.
“China is ready to set up a high-level joint-dialogue mechanism with the United States on fighting cybercrimes,” he said, adding that the Chinese government was a firm defender of cyber security while also being a victim of cybercrime. The world’s two largest economies “should strictly base our judgment on fact, for fear that we become victims to hearsay, paranoia, or self-imposed bias”.
Xi made his remarks in a 40-minute speech, the only public speech during his US visit, at a dinner attended by more than 750 business leaders and other dignitaries (显要人物), including former secretary of State Henry Kissinger. It was sponsored by the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the US-China Business Council.
In addition to cyber security, Xi raised other issues of concern to some in the US audience, including China’s stock market and investment.
Xi said that the government had taken necessary steps to stabilize the stock market after recent turbulence (动荡) triggered wide concern. China’s central bank adjusted its currency exchange rate according to market supply and demand in August, which the president said has achieved “initial success” in correcting the currency rate deviation (货币汇率偏差).
Xi also reiterated (重申) China’s opposition to cyber theft, in spite of high tensions between the two countries because the US has blamed several cyber attacks on China recently.
“China is a strong defender of cybersecurity. It is also a victim of hacking,” Xi said. “The Chinese government will not, in whatever form, engage in commercial thefts or encourage or support such attempts by anyone. Both commercial cyber theft and hacking against government networks are crimes that must be punished in accordance with the law and relevant international treaties.”
Xi also shared the story of his hard and starving youth in a remote village to illustrate what a Chinese dream means for ordinary Chinese people.
Xi arrived at Seattle early Tuesday morning with his wife Peng Liyuan, and was warmly welcomed by Washington state business leaders and officials.
US Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker said that while this week many significant deals will be announced during Xi’s visit, it exemplifies (例证) US companies’ commitment to support China’s development both with capital and world-class technology.
Kissinger, who played a major role with opening relations between China and the United States in the 1970’s, said Xi’s state visit is an important step in lifting the two countries’ relationship from the day to day solving of problems to the creating of a new world order.
Xi will take part in a round-table discussion with Chinese and American executives, visit Boeing and Microsoft offices and a local high school before flying to Washington on Thursday morning.
1.What can we know about Xi’s visit in US?
A. He met President Barack Obama at the White House on Tuesday.
B. His major intention was to improve the China-US ties.
C. He will make a formal policy speech on China-US ties on Friday.
D. This was his first visit in US.
2.What can we NOT know about the speech?
A. President Barack Obama was at the dinner, too.
B. It was the only public speech during Xi’s visit there.
C. It was sponsored by the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the US-China Business Council.
D. It lasted 40 minutes and was made at a dinner.
3.What did Xi talk about at the speech?
A. The stock market in US.
B. China’s investment in Europe.
C. The cybersecurity in China and US.
D. His experience in New York when he was young.
4.How will US companies support China’s development?
A. By investing money.
B. By building factories in China.
C. By exporting top-level talents to China.
D. By providing China with high technology.
Disneyland® Half Marathon presented by Cigna®
Sunday, September 4, 2016
Start time: 5:30 AM
Start/Finish: Disneyland® Resort
Catch all the Disney fun on the most magical course on earth!
It’s the moment you’ve been training for. Your 13.1 mile run on a magical course in the Happiest Race on Earth takes you through Disney California Adventure Park along legendary Main Street, U.S.A. In Disneyland Park, and then on to the streets of Anaheim. You’ll complete your Disneyland Half Marathon race with an exciting finish near the Disneyland Hotel. It all adds up to miles of smiles, unforgettable memories, and a perfect ending to a magical Disneyland.
The Disneyland Half Marathon Highlights
Timed Half Marathon race
13.1-mile course through Disneyland Resort and the City of Anaheim, California
Disney Characters and Entertainment on-course
Family Reunion Area with live entertainment and characters at the Finish Line
Race within walking distance when you stay at a Disneyland Resort Hotel
Event transportation included when you stay at select Anaheim Area Hotels
Disneyland Half Marathon Race Participants Receive
Champion Short-Sleeved Tech Shirt in Women’s or Men’s Cut*
Half Marathon Finisher Medal*
Official Digital Event Guide*
iGiftBag
Personalized bib (Must register before June 2, 2015 for name to appear on bib)*
On-course and post-race refreshments
ChronoTrack B-tag timed race with live runner tracking signup for friends and family
Personalized results website and finisher certificate
To receive the Dumbo Double Dare Finisher Medal, you must register for the Dumbo Double Dare. Registering for the 10K and Half Marathon individually will not make you eligible (合适的) to receive the Dumbo Double Dare Finisher Medal.
To compete, you must be 14 years of age or older and able to complete the Half Marathon in three and a half (3.5) hours or less (16-minute mile pace).
Dates, times, prices and inclusions subject to change. All races are subject to capacity limits and may close at any time before the percentage can be updated. Registrations are non-refundable and non-transferable. Disney reserves the right to refuse the entry into, and/or revoke any registration for, any race for any reason in its sole discretion with refund of any applicable registration fees being the sole remedy of any such refusal and/or revocation.
*Participants must attend Packet Pick-up at the run Disney Health & Fitness Expo to receive their race packet, bib, and tech shirt. Finisher medals will be distributed to finishers during the race. None of these items will be mailed to registrants.
1.You can read all the following except ______in the article.
A. The course description of Half Marathon
B. The distance of the Half Marathon
C. The entry fee of the Half Marathon
D. The time limits of the completion of the Half Marathon
2.We can infer from the advertisement that whoever runs the Half Marathon can get ______.
A. the Dumbo Double Dare Finisher Medal
B. Half Marathon Finisher Medal
C. Personalized bib
D. iGiftbag
I work as a volunteer（志愿者） for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to him.
Before setting out, I told Barrett this trip would be tiring and . For the first two days, he said almost nothing. I worried the trip was too ________ for a 17-year-old. Then, on day three, as we were ________ over high rocky mountains, he turned to me and grinned（咧嘴笑）, “Pretty hard.”
After that there was no turning back. A five-year-old girl, wearing a dress several sizes ________ large and broken shoes, followed Barrett around, mesmerized （着迷）. He couldn't stop ________ . Later he said________ , “I wish I could speak French.” I was ________ —this from a boy who hated and ________ French classes throughout school.
Usually silent, he ________ Gaby, our host, and kept asking questions about the country and its people. He blossomed （活泼起来）.
________ , the moment that really took ________ breath away occurred in a village deep in the mountains. I was ________ a woman villager for an article. 135 centimeters tall, she was small in figure but strong in ________. Through determination, she had learned to read and write, and ________ to become part of the leadership of the ________ .
Learning her story, Barrett was as ________as I by this tiny woman's achievements. His eyes were wet and there was a ________ of love and respect on his face. He had finally understood the importance of my work.
When leaving for home, Barrett even offered to stay ________ as a volunteer. My insides suddenly felt struck. This ________ achieved all I'd expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He'll be a man.
1.A． comfort B． please C． attract D． educate
2.A． rough B． dangerous C． troublesome D． violent
3.A． little B． much C． fast D． slow
4.A． moving B． running C． climbing D． looking
5.A． too B． very C． even D． so
6.A． joking B． crying C． shouting D． smiling
7.A． patiently B． regretfully C． lightly D． cheerfully
8.A． ashamed B． disappointed C． determined D． surprised
9.A． took up B． went in for C． fought against D． called off
10.A． befriended B． disregarded C． avoided D． recognized
11.A． Thus B． Even C． Meanwhile D． However
12.A． my B． his C． our D． her
13.A． asking B． interviewing C． arranging D． describing
14.A． brain B． wish C． will D． health
15.A． appeared B． struggled C． hesitated D． failed
16.A． village B． city C． organization D． state
17.A． pleased B． bored C． puzzled D． touched
18.A． combination B． composition C． connection D． satisfaction
19.A． in B． behind C． out D． away
20.A． interview B． flight C． article D． trip
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸(卡)上将该项涂黑。
My wife and I have been together 17 years and have always had animals, but when we moved to Abu Dhabi we decided not to have pets. We thought we could ________for it by volunteering for a couple of rescue organizations here in the Middle East. Then Rusty’s sad little face appeared on the ________lists and we both just gave in. He was ours ________ we even met him. We just knew it.
Rusty was a year old when he came to us. He was extremely ________and blind in one eye with missing teeth from a violent ________ he had encountered (遇到) some time in his short life. He was also ________ to straighten his back legs fully, probably from being ________ in a cage far too small for him.
I sat on the floor of the foster carer’s lounge and Rusty came right up to me and ________ down with his head on my knee. It was a(n) ________ moment. His carer had not seen him ________ someone so completely before. We fell in love with him, took him home and set about ________ him into a happier animal.
The first thing we had to do was ________ out what scared him. The answer was simple enough: ________ scared him. I think he was so ________ to bad things happening to him he just figured he lived in a world where only bad things happened.
One of the things that really scared him was ________ , so I began making him less sensitive by giving him a stomach rub with my foot every time I passed. It took a while, ________ he soon came to realize that he would never be ________ again and took to rolling onto his back and wagging his tail to let me know that he was up for a rub. If I didn’t, he would ________ me to my writing desk and crawl under it, gently touching and pushing me to get my attention at my foot until he got what he wanted!
Treating animals with dignity brings back memories of the best part of human ________ . Every time I interact with Rusty and our other rescued pets. I am________ that they have nothing to offer but love and trust. There is no
1.A. make B. compensate C. go D. prepare
2.A. waiting B. shopping C. danger D. adoption
3.A. until B. after C. before D. unless
4.A. tired B. thirsty C. hungry D. thin
5.A. feeling B. beating C. incident D. crime
6.A. eager B. unwilling C. unable D. ready
7.A. kept B. wrapped C. transformed D. spun
8.A. put B. knocked C. lay D. laid
9.A. physical B. mental C. intellectual D. emotional
10.A. believe B. trust C. envy D. adore
11.A. turning B. making C. putting D. translating
12.A. work B. bring C. carry D. rule
13.A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
14.A. opposed B. attached C. accustomed D. suited
15.A. legs B. feet C. ears D. eyes
16.A. but B. so C. and D. or
17.A. walked B. kicked C. abandoned D. overlooked
18.A. follow B. guide C. take D. direct
19.A. interest B. nature C. behavior D. welfare
20.A. warned B. informed C. reminded D. persuaded
―Well, my daughters take great interest in most of the food on the menu.
―Thanks. _________?
―Salad, fried fish, chips and orange juice, please.
A. Shall I take your order B. At your service
C. What to follow D. Can I help you
