What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority (优先) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade.
In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical (合乎道义的) or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or get our vulnerability(脆弱之处). Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution (美国宪法).
1. According to the passage, persuasion means ______.
A. changing others’ points of view
B. exercising power over other people
C. getting other people to consider your point of view
D. getting people to agree with you and do what you want
2. The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means ______.
A. win B. fail C. speak D. listen
3.The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ______.
A. a danger to society B. difficult to do well
C. unwelcome behavior D. never successful
4.The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. that people persuade to get what they want
B. that people persuade in different ways
C. that persuasion is widely accepted and appreciated
D. that persuasion is important and it is all around us
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
1.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?
A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.
B. He is interested in problems that are explained.
C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.
D. He looks for new ways of acting.
2.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT______.
A. easily believe in unchecked statements.
B. easily criticize others' research work.
C. always use his imagination in work.
D. always use evidence from observation.
3.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?
A. complete B. concrete
C. complicated D. confusing
4. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Application of technology.
B. Progress in modern society.
C. Successful scientists' ways of thinking and acting.
D. How to become a successful scientist.
Ad 1
April Fool’s party
On Friday, April 1, Inner Affair goes back to the days of funk! Classic Tunes from the 70’s and 80’s by DJs Den & Sion, 9pm till late.
Tickets: Free entrance for those in costume, otherwise 50 yuan (US$6)
Time/Date: 9 pm, April 1
Place: Inner Affair, 1/F Qiankun Dasha, 6 Sanlitun Xiliujie, Chaoyang District
Tel: 8454-0321
Ad 2
The "worst" party
Organized by ozone productions, the party is set to be "the worst ever", with the lamest music from the 60s, 70s and 80s. Special prizes will be awarded to the worst dressed or for bad fashion sense.
Tickets: Free entrance
Time/Date: 9 pm, April 1
Place: Pula Pula, Tianze Lu, Oriental Seven Colours Plaza, Chaoyang District
Tel: 6466-8575
Ad 3
La Nuit Francaise
Again on the 2nd Thursday of the month La Nuit Francaise will be held at Le Rendezvous. The monthly event is an opportunity for all French people and everyone interested in France or speaking French to gather together.
The evening features three glasses of wine for participants and a special exhibition.
Time/Date: 7 to 10 pm, April 14
Place: Le Rendezvous, 3 Gongti Beilu, across from the Pacific Century Plaza, Chaoyang District
Tel: 6462-9110
Ad 4
Marco V
Dutch DJ Marco V drops by Banana for a gig which is supported by Hong Kong’s DJ Spark.
Marco V has been around for many years, as an inventive, style blending deejay and a successful and devoted producer. His spinning is energetic, crowd pleasing and never sees an empty dance floor. He was ranked No. 15 in this year’s international DJ MAG DJ Top100.
Tickets: 40 yuan (US$4.80) in advance, 50 yuan (US$6) at the door, both including a free drink
Time/Date: 10 pm to 4 am, March 31, April 1
Place: Banana, in the lobby of the Scitech Hotel, 22 Jianwai Dajie, Chaoyang District
Tel: 6528-3636
1.Which of the following is NOT true of Ad 1 and Ad 2?
A. The two parties will be held on the same day.
B. Both ads give the contact number.
C. The entrance fees of the two parties will not be charged.
D. Some old music will be played at the parties.
2.We can infer that ______.
A. Marco V is a newly established band
B. La Nuit Francaise may be French words
C. the "worst" party will attract a lot of college students
D. you will enjoy free drinks at April Fool’s party
完形填空
It was Christmas Eve 1881. I was 15 years old and feeling like the world was ________ for me because there hadn't been enough money to buy me the rifle that I’d wanted that year.
Pa came back in and there was ice in his beard. “Come on, Matt,” Pa said. “Dress warmly. It’s cold outside. We’re going to Widow Jensen’s. They are ________ wood.” Widow Jensen lived about two miles down the road. Her husband had died a year or so before and ________ her with three children, the oldest being eight.
I ________ went out with Pa and we ________ the sled high with wood. ________ we went to the store and Pa took down a big ham, some bacon, a sack of flour and some shoes, which were put into a smaller sack. We rode the two miles to Widow Jensen’s in ________ . I tried to think through what Pa was doing. I knew we didn’t have much money and Widow Jensen had ________ neighbors than us. It shouldn’t have been our ________ .
Widow Jensen opened the door and let us in. She had a blanket wrapped around her ________ . The children were wrapped in ________ and were sitting in front of the fireplace by a very small fire that ________ gave off any heat at all. “We brought you a few things , Ma’am，” Pa said and set down the sack of flour. I put the meat on the table. Then Pa handed her the sack that had the shoes in it.
She ________ and took the shoes out one pair at a time. I watched her carefully. She bit her lower lip to keep it from ________ and then tears filled her eyes and started running down her cheeks. She looked up at Pa like she wanted to say something, ________ it wouldn’t come out. “We brought a load of wood too, Ma’am,” Pa said. Then he turned to me and said，“Matt，go bring some in. ”
I wasn’t the ________ person when I went back out to bring in the wood. I choked and as much as I hate to ________ it, there were tears in my eyes too. In my mind I kept ________ those three kids huddled (蜷缩)around the fireplace and their mother standing there with tears running down her cheeks with so much ________ in her heart that she couldn’t speak. Just then the rifle seemed very ________ . Pa had given me the best Christmas of my life.
1.A. over B. complete C. lost D. boring
2.A. in between B. away from C. out of D. far behind
3.A. offered B. brought C. delighted D. left
4.A. excitedly B. hurriedly C. gratefully D. unwillingly
5.A. equipped B. placed C. loaded D. armed
6.A. Now B. Then C. Meanwhile D. Sometime
7.A. silence B. regret C. devotion D. condition
8.A. smarter B. tougher C. prettier D. closer
9. A. topic B. concern C. idea D. case
10.A. shoulders B. head C. arms D. feet
11.A. one B. the rest C. another D. the other
12.A. nearly B. hardly C. actually D. slowly
13.A. jumped B. laughed C. joked D. hesitated
14.A. trembling B. moving C. bending D. crying
15.A. and B. so C. or D. but
16.A. honest B. kind C. same D. disappointing
17.A. allow B. admit C. clarify D. confirm
18.A. seeing B. imagining C. cheering D. comforting
19.A. motivation B. gratefulness C. sympathy D. courage
20.A. typical B. valuable C. unimportant D. hopeless
— Sir, you are fined for speeding. Please sign here.
— Fined? Speeding? ______
A. Are you all right? B. You can’t be serious!
C. I’m a foreigner. D. It doesn’t matter.
The ______ among the world’s scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.
A. prejudice B. reputation
C. discrimination D. consensus
