Ali is from a Middle Eastern country. He now stays in the USA. He smokes a lot of cigarettes every day. He has smoked for nine years. Ali says,“I tried to quit (停止) smoking in my hometown, but it was impossible. My parents smoke. My brothers smoke. All my friends smoke. At parties and at meetings, almost all the men smoke. Here in the United States, not as many people smoke. ____1.___”
Many smokers are like Ali: they want to stop smoking. ___2.____. They know it can cause cancer and heart disease. But it is difficult for them to give up smoking because cigarettes have a drug in them. The drug is nicotine. People who smoke a lot need nicotine.
___3.___ . The nicotine makes him sick. In a few days, the smoker’s body is used to the nicotine, and he feels fine. Later, the smoker needs nicotine to keep feeling fine. Without nicotine, he feels bad.
___4.____. Many people who quit will soon smoke again. At a party or at work they will decide to smoke “just one” cigarette. Then they will smoke another cigarette, and another. Soon they become smokers again. ___5.____
A. It is very hard to quit smoking.
B. But it is said that medicine is needed to stop them from smoking.
C. Maybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: never start.
D. The smokers know that smoking is bad for their health.
E. When a person first begins to smoke, he usually feels terrible.
F. Thus nicotine makes smokers addicted to cigarettes.
G. It will be easier to change the smoking habit here.
There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine” or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical pattern, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient this approach (方法) probably did not cure many patients.
The second kind of medicine is called “natural cures” or “folk medicine”, in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished (兴起) long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times.
The third kind is called “health spas” or “faith healing”. Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell (咒语), to cure you. Some religious groups organize healing shrines (圣坛) for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests (牧师) and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.
1.Doctor medicine_________.
A. has a longer history than folk medicine
B. has been practiced for around 2,400 years
C. bases its treatments on observation and logic
D. was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times
2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?
A. Magic power B. A healthy life style
C. Religious faith D. Various herbs
3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.
B. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.
C. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.
D. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.
4.The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to_______________.
A. show the important role religion plays in medical treatments
B. argue for the importance of medicine in health care
C. describe different types of medicine
D. compare the educational background of three different types of patients
Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have experienced an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.
One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock (家畜) to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for pig producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make shocking changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear（修剪） sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete change of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
1.Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?
A. The first sentence of the first paragraph.
B. The first sentence of the second paragraph.
C. The first sentence of the third paragraph.
D. The last sentence of the second paragraph.
2.According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.
A. what livestock to raise
B. whether to plant a certain kind of crop
C. how much money they can earn from their products
D. when to sell their products
3.Which of the following statements is true?
A. Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.
B. Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms.
C. Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms.
D. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.
4.What is the best title for the whole passage?
A. Computer, Farmers’ Best Friend
B. The Agricultural Revolution
C. Farmers in The Future
D. Computers and Robots
External bleeding
Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7~10 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and allow the blood to drain out through the bandage.
Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure.
Know the pressure points. If direct pressure and elevation don't sufficiently slow the blood-flow, find a pressure point. Large arteries (动脉) found close to the skin's surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases（皱纹）above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your finger.
Resort to a tourniquet (止雪带，压脉器). On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet ONLY if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical personal will know how long it has been in place.
1.According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should _____.
A. spread some salve (药膏) on the wound
B. pressed the wound firmly with your finger
C. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press it
D. place a clean bandage over the wound
2. If the blood soak through the cloth, you should _____.
A. change a clean one immediately
B. wash the wound at once
C. press the wound firmly with your hand
D. cover that one with another one and press it
3.According to the passage, we know that _____.
A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleeding
B. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg
C. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the crease above the upper legs
D. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleeding
Neither television nor radio nor magazines nor books nor any other medium can begin to match newspapers for depth and breadth of coverage (新闻报道). In fact, all these media themselves depend on newspapers to bring them information that they then process and distribute as their own brand of news.
Now many newspapers are locked in a struggle for survival. If they lose—which is by no means impossible—we all lose.
The great task for editors and publishers is to respond to the competitive challenge caused by online news, and at the same time use their own online news to increase their profits (利润). As yet，they haven't figured out a smooth and sure way to do that.
So they cut some more to get profit. The cuts in size that they are making are in some cases risky and in others without considering the results. With every cut, publishers tirelessly argue that readers won't even know the difference. The trouble is that by the time customers do notice that they are getting less for their money，it will be too late—too late to notice the reduction in the number of readers.
The other big cuts, of course, are in staff (员工). The victims would be the oldest and most experienced workers because they are the highest paid. While there is plenty of tired deadwood among them，there is also a lot of talent.
When experienced staff leave in large numbers—as they often do now—the newspaper loses great professional memory. But the real loser is the readers, who are suddenly robbed of the insights (见识) that only the experienced reporters can bring.
As for the future, there is at least one big, bright sign：intelligent young people will continue to flood into journalism in urgent search of jobs, despite its high demands and modest (不太高的) pay.
1.The underlined word “deadwood” in Paragraph 5 may refer to “________”．
A. the staff who are going to retire
B. people who are no longer useful or needed
C. workers who are experienced
D. reporters who are tired of covering events
2. According to the passage，which of the following can best describe the author's attitude towards the ways the editors and publishers have adopted to get profit?
A. The author has no objection.
B. The author is against them.
C. The author has not shown it clearly.
D. The author regards them reasonable.
3.The author seems to agree with the view that________.
A. experienced workers are the last to be laid off
B. journalism is a job offering highest pay for high demands
C. the challenge of newspapers is that there are not enough intelligent young people
D. it is possible that newspapers may not survive in the end
4. It is stressed by the passage that the most important quality for a journalist is________.
A. patience B. selfishness
C. insights D. sensitivity
Nine years ago around Christmas, I was on a Captiva Island beach at sunrise. I crouched (蹲) low there and was lost in the false hope of finding a treasure larger than the small on the shore.
A man ran slowly along the waves my direction. When he came near me, he slowed to a walk. I didn’t him until he was almost standing over me. Too young to be of strangers, I got on my feet and looked at him. It was then that I saw what was in his , a beautiful bright cream-colored shell, the kind of thing that I was looking for. He smiled as I stared in , and then, to my shock, he handed it to me. I held it before me like a diamond, not my eyes.
“I think you will like it,” he said, and then continued his down the beach.I do not his voice, his clothes or even his face, I do still have the shell, and the greatest lesson I’ve ever . Now the shell sits on my bedside table, not as as it was, but it is still there, a reminder that there is in the world.
That man saved my belief in the kindness of people, and he saved my belief that one can find what means something in life. I see my shell every day, and I know that I can bad days because there are good things in my life. In the end, all that we have is we have done for others. The shell is to me, as important as another man who returned to the plane to me my lost jacket.
I know that a difference in someone’s life, no matter how big or small, is what truly matters, and that it is worth all the treasure in the world.
1.A. shell B. frog C. fish D. diamond
2.A. to B. in C. through D. for
3.A. recognize B. know C. follow D. notice
4.A. tired B. fond C. shy D. proud
5.A. clothes B. coat C. hand D. bag
6.A. despair B. fear C. disappointmentD. amazement
7.A. formally B. calmly C. hopefully D. carefully
8.A. imagining B. believing C. thinking D. presenting
9.A. run B. walk C. ride D. drive
10.A. respect B. realize C. remember D. remind
11.A. but B. or C. unless D. so
12.A. accepted B. taken C. learned D. received
13.A. dirty B. hard C. bright D. soft
14.A. noisy B. wise C. quiet D. stupid
15.A. equality B. kindness C. bravery D. honesty
16.A. get through B. get down C. turn down D. turn off
17.A. what B. how C. where D. why
18.A. necessary B. important C. valuable D. essential
19.A. sell B. give C. remove D. buy
20.A. telling B. getting C. doing D. making
