External bleeding
Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7~10 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and allow the blood to drain out through the bandage.
Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure.
Know the pressure points. If direct pressure and elevation don't sufficiently slow the blood-flow, find a pressure point. Large arteries (动脉) found close to the skin's surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases（皱纹）above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your finger.
Resort to a tourniquet (止雪带，压脉器). On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet ONLY if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical personal will know how long it has been in place.
1.According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should _____.
A. spread some salve (药膏) on the wound
B. pressed the wound firmly with your finger
C. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press it
D. place a clean bandage over the wound
2. If the blood soak through the cloth, you should _____.
A. change a clean one immediately
B. wash the wound at once
C. press the wound firmly with your hand
D. cover that one with another one and press it
3.According to the passage, we know that _____.
A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleeding
B. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg
C. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the crease above the upper legs
D. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleeding
Neither television nor radio nor magazines nor books nor any other medium can begin to match newspapers for depth and breadth of coverage (新闻报道). In fact, all these media themselves depend on newspapers to bring them information that they then process and distribute as their own brand of news.
Now many newspapers are locked in a struggle for survival. If they lose—which is by no means impossible—we all lose.
The great task for editors and publishers is to respond to the competitive challenge caused by online news, and at the same time use their own online news to increase their profits (利润). As yet，they haven't figured out a smooth and sure way to do that.
So they cut some more to get profit. The cuts in size that they are making are in some cases risky and in others without considering the results. With every cut, publishers tirelessly argue that readers won't even know the difference. The trouble is that by the time customers do notice that they are getting less for their money，it will be too late—too late to notice the reduction in the number of readers.
The other big cuts, of course, are in staff (员工). The victims would be the oldest and most experienced workers because they are the highest paid. While there is plenty of tired deadwood among them，there is also a lot of talent.
When experienced staff leave in large numbers—as they often do now—the newspaper loses great professional memory. But the real loser is the readers, who are suddenly robbed of the insights (见识) that only the experienced reporters can bring.
As for the future, there is at least one big, bright sign：intelligent young people will continue to flood into journalism in urgent search of jobs, despite its high demands and modest (不太高的) pay.
1.The underlined word “deadwood” in Paragraph 5 may refer to “________”．
A. the staff who are going to retire
B. people who are no longer useful or needed
C. workers who are experienced
D. reporters who are tired of covering events
2. According to the passage，which of the following can best describe the author's attitude towards the ways the editors and publishers have adopted to get profit?
A. The author has no objection.
B. The author is against them.
C. The author has not shown it clearly.
D. The author regards them reasonable.
3.The author seems to agree with the view that________.
A. experienced workers are the last to be laid off
B. journalism is a job offering highest pay for high demands
C. the challenge of newspapers is that there are not enough intelligent young people
D. it is possible that newspapers may not survive in the end
4. It is stressed by the passage that the most important quality for a journalist is________.
A. patience B. selfishness
C. insights D. sensitivity
Nine years ago around Christmas, I was on a Captiva Island beach at sunrise. I crouched (蹲) low there and was lost in the false hope of finding a treasure larger than the small on the shore.
A man ran slowly along the waves my direction. When he came near me, he slowed to a walk. I didn’t him until he was almost standing over me. Too young to be of strangers, I got on my feet and looked at him. It was then that I saw what was in his , a beautiful bright cream-colored shell, the kind of thing that I was looking for. He smiled as I stared in , and then, to my shock, he handed it to me. I held it before me like a diamond, not my eyes.
“I think you will like it,” he said, and then continued his down the beach.I do not his voice, his clothes or even his face, I do still have the shell, and the greatest lesson I’ve ever . Now the shell sits on my bedside table, not as as it was, but it is still there, a reminder that there is in the world.
That man saved my belief in the kindness of people, and he saved my belief that one can find what means something in life. I see my shell every day, and I know that I can bad days because there are good things in my life. In the end, all that we have is we have done for others. The shell is to me, as important as another man who returned to the plane to me my lost jacket.
I know that a difference in someone’s life, no matter how big or small, is what truly matters, and that it is worth all the treasure in the world.
1.A. shell B. frog C. fish D. diamond
2.A. to B. in C. through D. for
3.A. recognize B. know C. follow D. notice
4.A. tired B. fond C. shy D. proud
5.A. clothes B. coat C. hand D. bag
6.A. despair B. fear C. disappointmentD. amazement
7.A. formally B. calmly C. hopefully D. carefully
8.A. imagining B. believing C. thinking D. presenting
9.A. run B. walk C. ride D. drive
10.A. respect B. realize C. remember D. remind
11.A. but B. or C. unless D. so
12.A. accepted B. taken C. learned D. received
13.A. dirty B. hard C. bright D. soft
14.A. noisy B. wise C. quiet D. stupid
15.A. equality B. kindness C. bravery D. honesty
16.A. get through B. get down C. turn down D. turn off
17.A. what B. how C. where D. why
18.A. necessary B. important C. valuable D. essential
19.A. sell B. give C. remove D. buy
20.A. telling B. getting C. doing D. making
She is always thinking more of herself, seldom, ________, offering to help others.
A. if never B. if possible
C. if ever D. if any
---How often do you drop your e-pal a line?
---_______, but usually once a week.
A. It depends B. As usual
C. Generally speaking D. Have no idea
Our skin, if ______ to sunlight for a long time, can become darker.
A. exposes B. exposing
C. being exposed D. exposed
