During the interview, you should present your views very clearly, wearing a sincere and confident smile．Anyway, try to leave a（n） ________ impression on the judges．
A．favorable B．substantial
C．ultimate D．outspoken
The survey shows some major publishers, institutions and businesses have begun to make________ to the new age in order to meet the needs of the social and economic change．
A．breakthroughs B．preparations
C．adjustments D．Commitments
As an English teacher in high school, maintaining your professional ________by constantly updating your knowledge is something most vital and essential．
A．dimension B．competence
C．extension D．Proportion
A set of textbook designed to help high school student learn about Chinese traditional culture is to be published soon, Beijing Times reported on Monday.
The books are the first national-level works of their kind and have been developed by a working group that promotes traditional culture. They will be used by students from autumn this year, the report said.
The set contains four classics from ancient times. Two of the works, The Confucian Analects and Mencius, are for 10th-grade students, while the other two, Great Learning and Dao De Jing, will be used by 11th graders.
The initiative follows a series of steps the authorities have taken in recent years to spread and promote traditional Chinese culture on campus.
Last April, the Ministry of Education released a series of guidelines requiring the inclusion of more information about traditional culture in primary and middle school textbooks, especially those used for subjects such as Chinese Language, history, art and physical education.
The guidelines said students’ knowledge of traditional culture will be tested in the senior high school entrance examination and the gaokao, the college entrance exam.
【写作内容】1 用约30个单词写出上文的概要
2 用约120个单词就“高中生学国学”这一主题发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1）国学入高中的缘由
（2）你对这一举动的看法
【写作要求】1 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句
2 作文中不能出现真实的姓名和学校名称
3 不必写标题
【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action (or inaction).
The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine "Kitty" Genovese. On Friday, March 13, 1964, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.
Despite Genovese’s repeated calls for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident. The attack first began at 3:20 AM, but it was not until 3:50 AM that someone first contacted police.
While Genovese's case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies, there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years. The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society, but why exactly does it happen? Why don't we help when we are part of a crowd?
There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present.
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lover's quarrel," and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
Characteristics of the situation can play a role. During a crisis, things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear. Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening. During such chaotic moments, people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate. When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting, it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed.
So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction? Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle. When faced with a situation that requires action, understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help. However, this does not mean you should place yourself in danger.
But what if you are the person in need of assistance? How can you inspire people to lend a hand? One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd. Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help. By personalizing and individualizing your request, it becomes much harder for people to turn you down.
The Bystander Effect | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Concept of the bystander effect | The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming1.______ in an emergency situation. It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence2.______behavior. |
Typical example | In 1964, a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was 3._________ outside her apartment, while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police. |
4._________ for the bystander effect | Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of 5._________ in front of a large group of people. Before deciding to offer help, observers may want to make6._________ that it is appropriate to react. Besides, there is a natural 7.__________ for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear. |
8.________ of the bystander effect | You should realize or know the 9._________of the bystander effect and take measures to get rid of it. When in need of help, you should10._________ one from the crowd, which Will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped. |
Sometimes just when we need the power of miracles to change our beliefs， they materialize in the places we’d least expect. They can come to us as a drastic alteration in our physical reality or as a simple synchronicity in our lives. Sometimes they’re big and can’t be missed Other times they’re so subtle that if we aren’t aware， we may miss them altogether. They can come from the lips of a stranger we suddenly and mysteriously encounter at just the right instant. If we listen carefully, we’ll always hear the right words，at the right time， to dazzle us into a realization of something that we may have failed to notice only moments before.
On a cold January afternoon in 1989，I was hiking up the trail that leads to the top of Egypt’s Mt. Horeb. I’d spent the day at St. Catherine’s Monastery and wanted to get to the peak by sunset to see the valley below. As I was winding up the narrow path，I’d occasionally see other hikers who were coming down from a day on the mountain. While they would generally pass with simply a nod or a greeting in another language，there was one man that day who did neither.
I saw him coming from the last switchback on the trail that led to the backside of the mountain. As he got closer，I could see that he was dressed differently from the other hikers I’d seen. Rather than the high-tech fabrics and styles that had been the norm，this man was wearing traditional Egyptian clothing. He wore a tattered， rust-colored galabia and obviously old and thick-soled sandals that were covered in dust. What made his appearance so odd，though，was that the man didn’t even appear to be Egyptian！ He was a small-framed Asian man, had very little hair，and was wearing round，wire-rimmed glasses.
As we neared one another，I was the first to speak.“Hello，”I said，stopping on the trail for a moment to catch my breath. Not a sound came from the man as he walked closer. I thought that maybe he hadn’t heard me or the wind had carried my voice away from him in another direction. Suddenly he stopped directly in front of me on the high side of the trail， looked up from the ground， and spoke a single sentence to me in English，“Sometimes you don’t know what you have lost until you’ve lost it.”As I took in what I had just heard，he simply stepped around me and continued his descent down the trail.
That moment in my life was a small miracle. The reason is less about what the man said and more about the timing and the context. The year was 1989，and the Cold War was drawing to a close. What the man on the trail couldn’t have known is that it was during my Egyptian pilgrimage， and specifically during my hike to the top of Moses’s mountain，that I’d set the time aside to make decisions that would affect my career in the defense industry，my friends，my family，and，ultimately，my life.
I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia coming down from the top of this historic mountain just when I was walking up，stopping before me，and offering his wisdom，seemingly from out of nowhere. My answer to my own question was easy： the odds were slim to none！ In an encounter that lasted less than two minutes on a mountain halfway around the world from my home， a total stranger had brought clarity， and the hint of a warning， regarding the huge changes that I would make within a matter of days. In my way of thinking，that’s a miracle.
I suspect that we all experience small miracles in our lives every day. Sometimes we have the wisdom and the courage to recognize them for what they are. In the moments when we don’t，that’s okay as well. It seems that our miracles have a way of coming back to us again and again. And each time they do，they become a little less subtle，until we can’t possibly miss the message that they bring to our lives！
The key is that they’re everywhere and occur every day for different reasons， in response to the different needs that we may have in the moment. Our job may be less about questioning the extraordinary things that happen in our daily lives and more about accepting the gifts they bring.
1.Why did the author make a pilgrimage to Mt. Horeb in Egypt?
A. He was in search of a miracle in his life.
B. It was a holy place for a religious person to head for.
C. He intended to make arrangements for his life in the future.
D. He waited patiently in expectation of meeting a wise person.
2.What does the underlined part “my own question” refer to in Paragraph 6?
A. For what reason did the man stop before me?
B. Why did the Asian man go to the mountain?
C. What change would I make within a matter of days?
D. What was the probability that others told us the right words?
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph 7?
A. Apparent. B. Delicate.
C. Precise. D. Sufficient.
4.The author viewed the encounter with the Asian man as a miracle in his life in that .
A. the Asian man’s appearance had a deciding effect on his future life
B. his words were in perfect response to the need he had at that moment
C. what the Asian man said was abundant in the philosophy of life
D. the Asian man impressed on him the worth of what he had possessed
5.What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Can you recognize a miracle?
B. Is a miracle significant to us?
C. When might a miracle occur?
D. Why do we need a miracle?
