Scientists from the United States say they have found fish and other creatures living under key waters in Antarctica. They made the announcement after completing three months of research at the Ross Ice Shelf, the world’s largest floating ice sheet.
The researchers hoped to find clues to explain the force of the melting ice and its effect on sea level rise. Reed Scherer and Ross Powell are with Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois. They just finished up their research on our southernmost continent. Money for the project came from America’s National Science Foundation.
“We chose a study site where, in the first year ,We went into the subglacial (冰川下的)lake and tried to understand the environment in there, both ecologically and in terms of the ice dynamics about how the lake operates ,and how the sediment(沉淀物) underneath the ice sheet operates, as well, because it’s the water and the sediment underneath the ice that controls how fast the ice is flowing into the ocean” says Ross Powell, who led the investigation. The team included scientists ,engineers, machinery and other supplies across the ice from the main U.S. scientific base at Mc Murdo Station to the researcher’s camp .The camp was near a subglacial lake ,where an earlier study took place,
Ross Powell says the latest study may provide evidence that can help predict the effect of climate change on rising sea levels.
“What we have found is that these are very sensitive areas to the stability of how dynamic the ice is and how fast the ice may react to increases of melting both from the ocean and the atmosphere.”
Among the new instruments built for the project was a powerful hot water drill. The researchers used the drill to dig down some 740 meters. They collected water ,sediment and other material from the grounding zone.
Working around the clock before the deep hole refroze, they sent a video camera down to the 400-square-meter undersea area.
Reed Scherer says the video images they saw in the Command Center were a total surprise.
“It’s a very mobile environment. The bottom is changing constantly. And so the things that we saw were all very mobile organisms, things that swim and some things that crawl. And obviously they are getting enough nutrition that they can thrive, Some of the little crustacean-like creatures called amphipods that we saw swam quite quickly and were quite active.”
This is the farthest south that fish have ever been seen. How did the creatures get here? What do they feed on? And what effect will the retreating ice have on them?
Ross Powell says the ice and sediment cores taken from the grounding zone can offer clues.
“We know that the ice is melting there at the moment and so by opening up the cores once they get back, we hope to be able to understand what the ice was doing in the past ,relative to what it is doing now. And because it is melting so fast or seems to be melting fast at the moment, we anticipate that there will he some differences that we’ll see in the history of the ice sheet from the sediment cores, once we open them up .”But Ross Powell says the work raises more questions than it answers.
1.Scientists conducted the three-month research at the Ross Ice Shelf with the intention of .
A. predicting how climate change influences rising sea levels.
B. finding out whether there are life forms existing deep under Antarctic ice.
C. proving the speed of ice flowing into the ocean is controlled by water.
D. discovering an explanation of the effect the melting ice has on sea level rise.
2.What made the researchers surprised when they saw the video images?
A. Researchers saw fish in the farthest south for the first time.
B.A video camera was able to work well under deep icy waters.
C. Sediment cores present differences in the history of the ice sheet.
D. The drill should dig down 740 meters to collect things.
3.From sediment cores taken from the grounding zone, scientists will probably know .
A. what the ice will do in the near future
B. the ice in the grounding zone is melting at the moment
C. some differences rarely exist in the history of the ice sheet
D. something about the creatures under icy water in Antarctic.
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Scientists will conduct a follow-up study on the frozen continent.
B. No creatures once appeared or lived in icy water in Antarctica.
C. America’s National Science Foundation is in complete charge of the research.
D. Researchers have found how the sediment underneath the ice sheet operates.
Lee Kuan Yew emerged onto the international stage as the founding father of the state of Singapore, then a city of about 1 million. He developed into a world statesman who acted as a kind of conscience to leaders around the globe.
Fate initially seemed not to have provided him with a stage on which to achieve more than modest local success. In the first phase of decolonization, Singapore emerged as a part of Malaya. It was cut loose because of tensions between Singapore’s largely Chinese population and the Malay majority and, above all, to teach the city a lesson of dependency, Malaya undoubtedly expected that reality would cure Singapore of its independent spirit.
But great men become such through visions beyond material calculations. Lee challenged conventional wisdom by opting for statehood. The choice reflected a deep faith in the virtues of his people. He asserted that a city located on a sandbar with no economic resource to draw upon, and whose major industry as a colonial naval base had disappeared, could nevertheless thrive and achieve international reputation by building on its principal asset(财富): the intelligence, industry and dedication of its people.
A great leader takes his or her society from where it is to where it has never been ---- indeed, where it as yet cannot imagine being. By insisting on quality education, by suppressing corruption and by basing governance on merit. Lee and his colleagues raised the annual per capita income of their population from $500 at the time of independence in 1965 to roughly $55,000 today. In a generation, Singapore became an international financial center., the leading intellectual metropolis of Southeast Asia, the location of the region’s major hospitals and a favored site for conferences on international affairs. It did so by adhering to an extraordinary pragmatism: by opening careers to the best talents and encouraging them to adopt the best practices from all over the world..
Superior performance was one component of that achievement. Superior leadership was even more important. As the decades went by, it was moving ---- and inspirational ---- to see Lee., the mayor of a medium-size city, become a mentor of global strategic order.
The great tragedy of Lee’s life was that his beloved wife was felled by a stroke that left her a prisoner in her body, unable to communicate or receive communication. Through all that time, Lee sat by her bedside in the evening reading to her. He had faith that she understood despite the evidence to the contrary.
Perhaps this was Lee Kuan Yew’s role in his era. He had the same hope for our world. He fought for its better instincts even when the evidence was ambiguous. But many of us heard him and will never forget him.
1.Why did Lee Kuan Yew choose to lead Singapore to be independent?
A. He intended to act as a kind of conscience to leaders around the globe.
B. He determined his people shouldn’t be subjected to Malaya anymore.
C. He had considerable confidence in the value of the city’s assets.
D. He wanted Singapore to be the most powerful country worldwide.
2.From the underlined sentence in Paragraph2, we can know that ________.
A. Malaya expected Singapore to be powerful
B. Malaya had a desire to kick off Singapore
C. Malaya firmly believed Singapore would give in
D. Malaya didn’t think Singapore possessed independent spirit
3.The fourth paragraph is organized to ________.
A. illustrate how advanced Singapore has been today
B. demonstrate Lee Kuan Yew attached great importance to the talents
C. prove what a crucial decision Lee Kuan Yew once made
D. show the tremendous impact Lee Kuan Yew had on Singapore
4.Which of the following can best describe Lee Kuan Yew?
A. Stubborn and arbitrary
B. Aggressive and affectionate.
C. Demanding and bossy
D. Outspoken and humorous.
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1.Which book might a young man faced with difficulties in his career choose?
A. Life On Air. B. Our Zoo.
C. Nigella Christmas D. Doctor Who
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. This passage is probably taken from a newspaper column.
B. People are likely to get a discount whichever book they purchase.
C. Each of the reviewers thinks highly of the four books.
D. All of the four books don't belong to a certain book series.
Someone recently asked me when I became more confident about my abilities as an entrepreneur. I thought it was a funny question, ____ I’ not very confident at all, and constantly filled with _____ about every decision I make.
It doesn’t exactly hold me back in my work; it’s just that I am very _______ of what I do, and I’m always _____ on the way I work, think and talk. I have also learned over the years that making a decision is often more important than making the _______ decision. Preferably your decisions are the right ones, but inaction or indecisiveness is more _____ than making the wrong decisions every now and then.
There is one thing I have learned over the years that I wish I had learned earlier in my career. And that is the ____ that I am not stupid.
It sounds logical, but I often sat in on meetings and heard people explain things and then ____ to myself, “ I don’t understand that. Maybe I’m stupid?” or I would hear about a startup and I wouldn’t ______ their business model and think I’m stupid. Or I would hear an entrepreneur speak and think, “ That all like ______ bullshit, but I must be stupid, because other people seem to love it.”
A couple of years ago, I came to the ______ that I was not stupid at all. When people in meetings say things I don’t’ understand I _______ up and tell them so. Usually, I hear a sigh of ______ in the room and find out nobody understood what was being talked about.
When I don’t understand a business model it usually means there is not one, or it ______. Turns out I’m not stupid and ______ I don’t understand it, most people won’t understand it at all. ______ doubting my own abilities I’ve learned to ______ my “bullshit radar” a bit more and not understanding something is a clear sign that something is _______.
My advice to young entrepreneurs is this: you are not stupid! If something does not make _____, if it sounds stupid, if you don’t understand it, something is wrong! Trust your gut( 本能的) ______. Feel free not to know and be honest when you don’t’ understand something!
1.A. if B. unless C. because D. when
2.A. disappointment B. doubt C. terror D. curiosity
3.A. conscious B. tired C. ashamed D. fond
4.A. insisting B. working C. relying D. reflecting
5.A. right B. tough C. firm D. final
6.A. boring B. costly C. disgusting D. significant
7.A. truth B. concept C. realization D. reputation
8.A. thought B. referred C. smiled D. came
9.A. mind B. know C. love D. understand
10.A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. looks
11.A. compromise B. conclusion C. point D. agreement
12.A. speak B. look C. hang D. cheer
13.A. despair B. pleasure C. relief D. impatience
14.A. disappears B. ceases C. approaches D. sucks
15.A. since B. if C. as D. while
16.A. Instead of B. Apart from C. As well as D. Regardless of
17.A. operate B. differentiate C. trust D. inspect
18.A. in B. up C. on D. off
19.A. progress B. history C. money D. sense
20.A. feeling B. level C. happiness D. Comfort
--- Ann, our department may be named the Department of the Year because of the outstanding performance.
--- _______.
A. Good to know B. I’ll say
C. I hear you on that one D. Can’t argue with that
Microsoft, in a(n) _______ from tradition, has already released similar touch-friendly Office apps for Apple Inc’s iPad and iPhone.
A. independence B. absence
C. departure D. Survival
