It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs(细菌), germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing(使用牙线) helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can be also good for your heart.
It may seem strange that something your do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood. Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against these germs. For some reason, the way the body fight these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart over time.
Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. The incidence(发生率) of two or more events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts.
The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is sure to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day.
1. From the passage, we know that_____
A. food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teeth
B. all of the doctors agree that flossing is good for your heart
C. doctors’ judgment about flossing is based on medical research
D. not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy
2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to____.
A. Provide an example
B. Make a comparison
C. Introduce a new topic
D. Develop a previous statement
3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the last paragraph?_______.
A. It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.
B. There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart.
C. Because doctors find flossing won’t help your heart, it is useless to floss.
D. Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day.
4.Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Flossing by Coincidence
B. How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy
C. Flossing Habits and Healthy Hearts
D. Why Doctors Disagree about Flossing
Wild
I was 16 when my father finally decided he would send me to wilderness camp for several months. He had threatened to do it many times before, but my mother had always managed to prevent him from doing so. This time he insisted on doing it.
The latest incident was the last straw. Impulsively(冲动地), I hade pushed Mr. Ford, my math teacher, down a flight of steps at school. He broke his arm in two places. Anyway, he had agreed not to accuse me as a favour to my dad, who was in the middle of a tight race for sheriff(执法官) in our town. But my reckless behaviour had my dad’s closest advisor talking.
“John, he’s your son and he’s a kid, but he is dragging you down,” I heard Jake Hutch tell my dad through his closed office door the night after I pushed Mr. Ford. “If you can’t make your son obey the rules, how can you make the law obeyed in this town?”
So, off to Pisgah National Forest I went. I imagined hours of untold abuse at the hands of some strong sergeants(警官). I was determined no to be broken. I was who I was.
Nearly every day for six months, a small group of other troubled teens and I carried our 30-pound backpacks on a difficult journey covering about 10 miles. We hiked in a rough wilderness that seemed untouched by civilization.
Our sergeants were firm but kind, not frightening as I had imagined. We learned how to make a fire without matches and create a shelter with branches and grass. We learned which plants were safe to eat out in the wild. I felt myself change. I was calm and often reflective. My old, impulsive self was gone.
One morning, six months later, my dad came to pick me up. I ran to hug him and saw relief and love in his eyes.
“So what’s it like being sheriff?” I asked on the ride home.
“I lost the race, Danny,” he said.
“I’m sorry, Dad.” I knew my behaviour probably had a lot to do with hid defeat.
Dad squeezed my shoulder and brought me close. “As long as I don’t ever lose you, I’m okay.”
1.The author was finally sent to wilderness because _____.
A. he could learn how to survive in the wild
B. his teacher insisted on giving him a lesson
C. he pushed his math teacher down the stairs
D. his mother feared that he would be accused
2.The underlined word “reckless” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. selfish B. careless C. rude D. reasonable
3.What can we learn about the author from the passage?
A. He changed a lot after the camp.
B. He was not satisfied with his life in the camp.
C. He was still what he used to be after the camp.
D. He made enemies with other troubled teen at the camp.
4.How did the author’s father feel at the end of the story?
A. Grateful. B. Annoyed.
C. Disappointed D. Relieved
Applying to Stellinga College
Why Stellinga?
Thank you for your interest in Stellinga International College. As an international student, we are sure you will find our college an exciting place to study, with like-minded and ambitious people.
Preparing and submitting your application
We have tried to make the application process as easy as possible for you, but there are a number of procedures you must follow.
All our courses are taught in English, so first of all you will probably need to submit evidence of your English language ability. We require an IELTS score of 6.5. You will also have to send us your secondary school diploma, so that we can evaluated it.
We will also require a personal statement. This is a text of up to 1,000 words in which you introduce yourself, explain your interest in our college, and why you want to study your chosen course.
If you are from outside the European Union(EU), it is important that you have an entrance visa before you come to study in the Netherlands, but we will apply for this for you.
We now only accept online applications, so please ensure that you have all your documents ready to upload before you begin. Any documents that are not in English originally will also need to be translated and the translation also uploaded.
You will need a passport photograph; a copy of your passport; copies of all your certificates and diplomas; your proof of language ability; and your personal statement in English.
What happens next?
Your application will then be considered. If your initial application is successful, you will be invited for an interview. This will be conducted in English via skype, over the phone or on site. You will talk to two or three members of staff for up to 30 minutes. We aim to inform you of our decision in writing, within 4 weeks. There are several possible outcomes: you may not have been successful; you may be offered a place on the waiting list. You will need to reply to any offers within two weeks, otherwise your place may be offered to somebody else.
Good luck with your application.
1.Which is unnecessary for people inside the EU when submitting applications?
A.A personal statement.
B. An entrance visa.
C. Evidence of English ability.
D. A secondary school diploma
2. If your first application is accepted, what is the next process?
A. You will have an interview in English.
B. You will get the reply over the phone.
C. You should make a decision within 4 weeks.
D. You should reply to the offer the moment you get it.
3.Where can we find the passage?
A. In an educational magazine.
B. On a notice board.
C. In an English teaching book.
D. On a university’s website.
One Bite at a Time
Stephen was on campus（校园）to register when I first met him.
One summer day I was headed over to the administration building, I heard someone call my name. I around and saw Philip, one of my colleagues standing with another young man. As Philip introduced me to the young man, named Stephen, he reminded him that he would be taking one of my , Introduction to Literature. With a somewhat expression, Stephen asked if my class was going to be “hard”. Would he be able to pass? I he was concerned about failing before the day of classes. We talked about what the class would and I saw Stephen’s eyes getting big with .
Then I remembered a bit of classical dialog:
Question: “How do you eat an elephant?”
Answer: “One bite at a time.”
I told him to his work that way. To do his assignment（作业）, all of them, and to get them in on time. I added that most students I knew made a timetable of all the assignment so they could their workload.
As time went on, I learned more of Stephen’s story. He had in middle school. It had taken him longer to finish than most young people. Family members, including his mother, kept reminding him that he was a . Now, in the face of their negative-saying he had been admitted into college. He told me that before coming to our campus no one had believed he had much .
Stephen didn’t become an “A” student. He didn’t make any honor rolls. Still, he managed to most of his courses by being in class every day, turning in all of his assignment on time and breaking down his studying into digestible parts. By passing course after course he began to gain a measure of self-respect. He was a great singer and he was the school’s cross-country team.
Every time I saw him on campus, he would brighten up and say, “One bite at a time.” Whenever he introduced me to his friends, he would tell them that he was when he was supposed to be failing. His , he said, was that he was what I taught him before classes ever started: “Take it one bite at a time.”
1.A. after B. when C. until D. once
2.A. turned B. sat C. moved D. went
3.A. jobs B. tests C. classes D. projects
4.A. innocent B. angry C. inspired D. pained
5.A. sensed B. imagined C. heard D. admitted
6.A. gathering B. parting C. closing D. opening
7.A. change B. adjust C. cover D. produce
8.A. interest B. anger C. fear D. excitement
9.A. avoid B. continue C. present D. approach
10.A. quiet B. optimistic C. energetic D. successful
11.A. plan B. increase C. reduce D. measure
12.A. fitted B. hesitated C. struggled D. progressed
13.A. cheat B. failure C. winner D. leader
14.A.experience B. information C. potential D. honor
15.A. pass B. begin C. take D. design
16.A. full-sized B. bite-sized C. pocket-sized D. medium-sized
17.A. in B. on C. at D. of
18.A. changing B. recovering C. concentrating D. succeeding
19.A. secret B. skill C. reply D. theory
20.A. spreading B. considering C. practicing D. expressing
You could work out the problem easily now if you ______ absent from the physics class last Friday.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been
C. haven’t been D. wouldn’t have been
Your answer is not acceptable, and _____.
A. so am I B. so I am
C. neither is mine D. mine is neither
