Question

When most of us look at our hands, we might notice that we need to clean, or stop biting our fingernails, and that’s about it. But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more. Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails.

There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical issues, though may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr.Amy Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University.

Here are five of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on your fingernails.

1. People who aren’t eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break.

2.Horizontal (水平的) lines are associated with serious physical stress. They frequently occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy(化疗).They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良).Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too. They’ve also been found in people who dove 1,000 feet and others who participated in an Everest exploration.

3. Vertical （垂直的）lines, however, are generally not such a big deal. Some people are more genetically prone to them than others, but they’re commonly associated with aging.

4. When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they ’ll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.

5. Kidney and liver problems can create “half-and-half nails”, where one part of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick.

Doctors note that because disease diagnosis is complex and some symptoms can be associated with different diseases, you should always see a medical professional if you are concerned about something you notice.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Doctors can tell us something about our health by looking at our nails.

B. We should see a doctor if we find nails in bad condition.

C. A famous doctor in the USA conducted an interesting research.

D. If we don’t want to get ill, we need to clean and stop biting our fingernails.

2. If we don’t eat well or regularly, our fingernails may ________.

A. become harder than normal nails.

B. become thinner than normal nails.

C. become “half-and-half” nails.

D. have horizontal and vertical lines.

3.Who will have horizontal lines on the nails ?

A. A cancer patient who has received normal treatment.

B. Hungry African children suffering from severe malnourishment.

C. An explorer who had reached Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province.

D. A patient with serious illness, like kidney and liver problems.

4. Which of the following best describes the nails that show people lack iron?

A. The nails are thinner and more likely to break.

B. The nails will curve down and cover the fingers.

C. The nails will start to rise up on the sides and front.

D. The nails will change their colours on the surface.

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析:本文是一篇科普说明类的文章，主要向大家介绍了一些不同的指甲状况所反映出的不同的身体健康状况，同时提醒人们要关注自己的健康。

1.A推理判断题。根据首段But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more. Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails及后文来看，本文主要向大家说明医生们可以通过人们指甲生长的不同状态来诊断这个人的身体健康状况，故选A。

2.B细节判断题。根据People who aren’t eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break可知吃的不够好或者营养不均衡的人指甲片可能会比正常人的要薄些，故选B。

3.B细节判断题。根据They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良)可知，营养不良的人有可能会在指甲上出现水平的线，故选B。

4.可以判断缺铁的人手指甲两边和前端更容易翘起，故选C。

考点：考查科普说明类阅读