阅读使人充实，阅读对于每个人的成长至关重要。请认真阅读下面的引言(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。
Reading makes a full man． 一Francis Bacon
内容要求：
1．你对该引言的理解；
2．举例说明；
3．恰当的结尾。
注意：
1．短文开头己给出，不计入总词数；
2．文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
3．词数：120左右。
As Francis Bacon puts it，reading makes a full man．
Will money make kids pass exams? A new report says1.___________(承诺)children money does not help exam grades．It could be a2.w of money using cash to get kids to study more．3.____________, taking kids on a trip somewhere nice could encourage them to 4.______________,(努力)and do better at sch001．Of 10,000 pupils5._________ (调查)in the research，there has been an improvement in class work and homework，but this does not result in better test scores．
Lead researcher Dr．Burgess suggests the research doesn’t look at the things6.________,really get kids to increase their effort．He adds that clearly some kids believe that education is a way to7.a ,their dreams, but there are other kids who think one’s efforts make little8.d , These kids might think exam success is because9.___________ genes and their family background．Education expert Dr．Collins holds the view that what really10.m , is how students are taught．Good teachers are better than rewards，especially for children from low-income families．
In China，cultural differences arose from growing rice or wheat．Different thinking styles between northern and southern Chinese people can trace(追溯)their roots to rice fields and wheat fields．
Rice farming promotes a holistic(整体的)focus on distinguishing relationships among people and objects，and valuing others as much as or more than oneself, say psychologist Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues．Holistic thinking among many modem Chinese people partly reflects regional histories of building communal irrigation systems(共有灌溉系统)and cooperatively planting and harvesting rice fields over thousands of years．
They draw that conclusion based on studies of college students from regions with different agricultural practices．Students from southern and central China’s rice．growing provinces think holistically, even though they have probably never farmed rice，Talhelm’s group reports．In contrast，students from northern and central Chinese provinces that have specialized in wheat growing exhibit a preference for abstract analysis and self over others，the scientists find．Wheat is less labor-intensive(劳动密集型)to grow than rice，SO farmers can plant and harvest crops without much help from neighbors．Analytical，individualistic thinking is not more common among students from richer
Provinces, contrary to the argument that this attitude springs from modernization. ”Rice theory might explain why East Asia is so much less individualistic than expected based on its wealth, ” Talhelm says.
Talhelm，s team tested 1,162 Chinese students，who Viewed lists of three items，such as a rabbit，a dog and a carrot. For each list，students chose two items that belonged together. Earlier research found that analytical thinkers often group items according to categories，so rabbits and dogs go together．Holistic thinkers tend to 1ook for relationships，such as rabbits eating carrots. Students from rice-growing areas made an average of around seven to nine holistic matches of 10 possible matches，compared with roughly f1ve to seven holistic matches for those from Wheat-growing areas.
Talhelm’s team also analyzed national statistics in China from 1 996，2000 and 2010 and found a higher divorce rate and a greater number of successful patents for new inventions in wheat-growing provinces than in rice-growing provinces. That trend is in line with the ides that analytical thinking develops both individualism and creativity.
1.People who think holistically probably_____________.
A．come from wheat—growing areas
B．1ive in northern and central China
C．rely more on themselves
D．think of others before themselves
2.Which of the following statements is true?
A．East Asia is poorer than the other areas of Asia.
B．Modernization contributes to analytic al thinking.
C. Analytical thinkers tend to pick out items by type.
D．Richer people show more individualistic thinking.
3.The author develops the passage mainly by____________.
A．making comparisons
B. listing examples
C．telling his personal experience
D. presenting problem and solution
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Cultural differences in China
B．1isting examples
C．Chinese people tracing their roots
D. Farming influences thinking styles
The passages below discuss the retirement age．
Passage 1：
In the United States，the financial crisis has left the country with 11 million fewer jobs than Americans need now．No matter how tough the policy ,we are not going to find 11 million new jobs soon．So common sense suggests we should make some decisions about who should come first：older people，who have already worked three or four decades at hard jobs? Or younger people，many just out of school，with fresh skills and ambitions?
The answer is obvious．Older people who would like to retire and would do so if they could afford it should get some help．The right step is to reduce，not increase，the retirement age．As a rough cut，why not make it a law to set a three—year window during which the age for receiving full Social Security benefits would drop to 62——providing a voluntary ,one—time，grab-it-now bonus for leaving work? Let them go home! With a secure pension(退休金)and medical care，they will be happier．Young people who need work will be happier．And there will also be more jobs．With pension security, older people will consume services until the end of their lives．They will become．each and every one，an employer．
Passage 2：
Too many people see longer working lives as a worry rather than an opportunity—and not just because they are going to be chained to their desks．Some worry that there will not be enough jobs to go around．This misunderstanding，known to economists as the“lump of labour fallacy(劳动总量固定的谬论)”，was once used to argue that women should stay at home and leave all the jobs for breadwinning males．Now lump-of-labourites say that keeping the old at work would deprive(剥夺)the young of employment．The idea that society can become
better-off by paying more of its citizens to be idle(无所事事的)is clearly ridiculous．On that reasoning，if the retirement age came down to 25 we would all be as rich as Bill Gates．
1.In Passage 1，one reason for suggesting earlier retirement in the US is the_______
A．tough policy B．stable pension
C．high unemployment D．free medical care
2.In Passage I，the writer suggests encouraging older people to retire earlier by____________.
A．cutting their pension if they remain at work
B．giving them an extra sum o f money on retiring
C．convincing them that young people need work
D．offering them a bonus each year for three years
3.Lump-of-laborites believe that____________．
A．young citizens should be better paid
B．the old should leave jobs for the young
C．males should earn bread for the family
D．earlier retirement will lead to a poorer society
4.What is the author’s attitude towards earlier retirement in Passage 2?
A．Negative． B．Positive．
C．Unconcerned． D．Tolerant．
Along with global warming and the Ebola virus，this year, something far less life-and society-threatening also spiraled out of control：email．
It was long ago invented as something to make us more productive．But what productivity expert would ever say that it's a good thing that instead of working，we now“answer email? Or that on some days，I am unwilling to leave my desk to head into a meeting because it means taking my finger off the keyboard and knowing 1 will return to a flood of new messages waiting patiently for my total attention?
Some people struggle for“inbox zero”．But like many people，I now get so much junk mail that if I were to adopt such a goal，I would spend every workday doing nothing but deleting emails．To make sure nothing important gets buried，I have developed an embarrassinglv old system of keeping a pen-and-paper list of emails that need responses on a series of Post-It notes．As far back as 2007，Fred Wilson famously declared “email bankruptcy”．I'm close to doing the Same．
But I may not need to．I predict that 2015 will mark the beginning of the end of emails．Already, some tools have emerged(出现)over the years，like software Freedom which disables access to the Internet for chosen periods of time．Corporations have gradually been adopting stricter email policies：A few years ago，Volkswagen said it would stop sending emails from its servers to company-owned BlackBerrys after the end of its workday．
But this great hope is largely the optimist in me speaking，and I give this prediction small chances compared to some of our others．As Tony Hsieh once told me，the problem with email is that it is a“good—enough”solution．Some technologies stay around just because there isn’t anything better．It’s probably right．But my wish is that 2015 is the year when truly effective email management solutions go from good to great-and that email volume goes from crazy to reasonable．We’ll a11 be better for it．
1.The underlined word “spiraled” in Paragraph l probably means “_____________”.
A．increased rapidly B．moved in circle
C．changed unexpectedly D．appeared suddenly
2.The writer is unwilling to attend a meeting because____________.
A．he has to return with quantities of emails
B．answering emails calls for great attention
C．more emails will flood in waiting for him to check
D．he doesn’t want to take his fingers off the keyboard
3.From Paragraph 3，we may infer that____________.
A．the goal “inbox zero” is hard to obtain
B．the writer is devoted to deleting emails
C．pens and paper are highly favored at work
D．Fred Wilson famously declared “email bankruptcy”
4.The writer may agree that____________.
A．emails will come to an end
B．emails will still hold a place
C．existing email management is perfect
D．emails will never be sent to BlackBerrys
Herbie Ricketts，52,lives in Thornton Heath，south London，and works as an electrician．He has been a listening volunteer with the Samaritans for 16 years.
Each caller is as individual as their circumstances and I didn’t realize so many people take their own lives until I became a Samaritan．And only then did the true nature of the work I was doing hit home.
I’ll always remember my first day on duty．The caller, stressed and depressed，told me he was suicidal(想自杀的)．He’d been too frightened to talk to the people around him，which is common．People are told they’ve got nothing to be upset about．Or, if they are already classified as having mental health issues，so they tell no one．How do you make sense of your feelings if you can’t tell someone? Just allowing people to say what they honestly feel helps them find a different perspective．I couldn’t offer him practical advice but I could support him emotionally．I helped him come to terms with his situation and make sense of some of the terrible emotions he was experiencing．Offering anonymity(匿名)and being nonjudgmental(无偏见的)allows people easily hurt to explore their thoughts without fear or worry．I left him in an emotionally safe place，ensuring he knew 1 wasn’t rejecting or abandoning him．I let him know we were still there if he needed us，explaining that it might not be me on the other end of the phone but another Samaritan who could also support．
Suicidal people will ring with issues like drug use or loneliness．If you look at it from the perspective of, “How can I solve this? ”you can become，like them，at a loss．Every cell in your body wants to offer solutions，but as a Samaritan I’m not there to sort their problems out．I listen and will support them when they can’t see any further than tomorrow．When the phone goes silent，we stay with that caller as long as we possibly can，which could be two or three hours．
The shifts are up to four hours long．When it doesn’t go so well，I offload to my colleague，so I don’t carry home a heavy heart．Being a Samaritan has greatly improved my life．I’m calmer and become a supportive listener, which has also improved my relationships．But being a wonderful Samaritan doesn’t make you a wonderful parent or wonderful partner—I wish it did．
1.What does the underlined sentence in the passage probably mean?
A．Those who called in had their unique nature．
B．I got to realize the value of being a Samaritan．
C．It was common that many people committed suicide．
D．I was determined to be a Samaritan at home．
2.Some people choose not to tell others about their feelings mainly because they________.
A．actually have nothing to worry about
B．are too shy to expose themselves to others
C．suffer from serious mental health problems
D．find no supportive listeners around them
3.Samaritans usually help callers by________.
A．sorting out their problems
B．providing practical advice for them
C．offering them emotional support
D．asking questions such as“How can I solve this? ”
4.We may infer from the passage that________.
A．being a good Samaritan takes patience
B．Samaritans are easily affected by callers
C．callers are always successfully comforted
D．people kill themselves for lack of listening volunteers
