Question

In China，cultural differences arose from growing rice or wheat．Different thinking styles between northern and southern Chinese people can trace(追溯)their roots to rice fields and wheat fields．

Rice farming promotes a holistic(整体的)focus on distinguishing relationships among people and objects，and valuing others as much as or more than oneself, say psychologist Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues．Holistic thinking among many modem Chinese people partly reflects regional histories of building communal irrigation systems(共有灌溉系统)and cooperatively planting and harvesting rice fields over thousands of  years．

They draw that conclusion based on studies of college students from regions with different agricultural practices．Students from southern and central China’s rice．growing provinces think holistically, even though they have probably never farmed rice，Talhelm’s group reports．In contrast，students from northern and central Chinese provinces that have specialized in wheat growing exhibit a preference for abstract analysis and self over others，the scientists find．Wheat is less labor-intensive(劳动密集型)to grow than rice，SO farmers can plant and harvest crops without much help from neighbors．Analytical，individualistic thinking is not more common among students from richer

Provinces, contrary to the argument that this attitude springs from modernization. ”Rice theory might explain why East Asia is so much less individualistic than expected based on its wealth, ” Talhelm says.

Talhelm^，s team tested 1,162 Chinese students，who Viewed lists of three items，such as a rabbit，a dog and a carrot. For each list，students chose two items that belonged together. Earlier research found that analytical thinkers often group items according to categories，so rabbits and dogs go together．Holistic thinkers tend to 1ook for relationships，such as rabbits eating carrots. Students from rice-growing areas made an average of around seven to nine holistic matches of 10 possible matches，compared with roughly f1ve to seven holistic matches for those from Wheat-growing areas.

Talhelm’s team also analyzed national statistics in China from 1 996，2000 and 2010 and found a higher divorce rate and a greater number of successful patents for new inventions in wheat-growing provinces than in rice-growing provinces. That trend is in line with the ides that analytical thinking develops both individualism and creativity.

1.People who think holistically probably_____________.

A．come from wheat—growing areas

B．1ive in northern and central China

C．rely more on themselves

D．think of others before themselves

2.Which of the following statements is true?

A．East Asia is poorer than the other areas of Asia.

B．Modernization contributes to analytic al thinking.

C. Analytical thinkers tend to pick out items by type.

D．Richer people show more individualistic thinking.

3.The author develops the passage mainly by____________.

A．making comparisons

B. listing examples

C．telling his personal experience

D. presenting problem and solution

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Cultural differences in China

B．1isting examples

C．Chinese people tracing their roots

D. Farming influences thinking styles

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：在中国，文化差异是由种植大米和小麦引起的，而中国的南北差异，地区、城市、人们的生活习俗的差异的根源就是种植大米和小麦地域的不同。

1. 细节理解题，本文第二段Rice farming promotes a holistic(整体的)focus on distinguishing relationships among people and objects，and valuing others as much as or more than oneself, 稻作农业促进整体 （整体的） 重点是区分人与对象之间的关系和如何对待他人一样或者比自己更多。故选D。

2. 细节理解题，从本文中第四段Rice theory might explain why East Asia is so much less individualistic than expected based on its wealth, ” 水稻理论可能解释为什么东亚是在基于它的财富上比预期减少很多个人主义"可知选项A错误；B选项文中未提及；文章第三段Analytical，individualistic thinking is not more common among students from richer分析、 个人主义思想在富裕的学生身上不是很常见。可知选项D错误；文章第五段Earlier research found that analytical thinkers often group items according to categories，早期研究家发现分析思想者经常根据分类来进行集体项目。可知选C。

3. 推理判断题，从文中第五段compared with roughly f1ve to seven holistic matches for those from Wheat-growing areas. 相比较七个整体匹配的那些从小麦产区，作者通过比较南北差异，实验不同的比较等来说明文化差异就是根源于种植大米和小麦的不同。整篇文章就是通过比较来叙述的。故选A。

4. 主旨大意题，本文第一段Different thinking styles between northern and southern Chinese people can trace(追溯)their roots to rice fields and wheat fields．在南北方人们不同的思考方式能够追溯他们的根源到稻田和麦田；故选D。

考点：考查科学性报告文章阅读。