Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
The world of journalism can be very exciting. Journalists are on the cutting edge of local and global events. Before you take a big step for becoming a journalist, please make sure you are aware the climate for newspaper journalists is especially tough right now.
Once you are sure that a journalism career is right for you, here’s what you need to do.
● Education comes first. Besides understanding how to write well, a degree in journalism, English, and communications are also beneficial to those wishing to pursue a career in journalism. In addition to helping you gain the necessary knowledge, many universities offer employment services to new graduates. Attending journalism school, also called J-school, or journalism college is an investment in your future.
● Pick a specialty (专业). Jobs in journalism vary a lot, so it is important to decide exactly what path you wish to take. For newspaper reporters, you must be flexible and able to think on your feet because stories are often fast-breaking. Deadlines are typically tight, so be prepared to write with speed and accuracy (正确). There are also broadcast journalists, investigative reporters, foreign reporters, sports journalists and so on, which require different skills.
● You’ve got to have the right stuff. No matter which branch of journalism interests you, there are a number of necessary qualities that are common to all. Journalists must have a “nose for news”. Additionally ,Good journalists must use high ethics (高尚的道德规范) at all times. At last, a fair attitude is required for almost all areas of journalism; these jobs require a neutral (中立的) reporting of facts rather than opinions.
● Think big, but start small. Although internships (实习) during your last two years of college equip you with much experience, it is highly unlikely that your first job as a journalist will be high-paying. However, getting a job at a community newspaper or local television station is a good start. Once you are working in the field, you’ll have the chance to prove yourself and actively seek advancement.
1. Why does the author think that attending journalism schools is an investment in your future? (No more than 14 words) (2 points)
2. How can a newspaper reporter deal with the problem of tight deadlines? (No more than 6 words) (2 points)
3.What necessary qualities must all journalists have? (No more than 11 words) (3 points)
4.What is the purpose of the passage? (No more than 10 words) (3 points)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Ready to give up long showers, water parks, and unlimited water gushing（喷涌） out of your taps? A new study says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people are faced with water shortage now. The oceans are full, of course. But the liquid—fresh, clean water for drinking and watering crops is in short supply in many parts of the world. Rivers are running low, lakes are shrinking, streams have stopped flowing, and groundwater is being pumped dry. However, the demand for water keeps increasing. So there comes inevitably the water crisis!
What is causing the crisis? Experts say it is a complex combination of climate change and rapid population growth. On the one hand, global climate change threatens to reduce water supplies due to decreased rainfall. On the other hand, population growth is driving explosive demand for water, prompting rivers in thirsty countries to be tapped for nearly every drop and driving governments to pump out so-called fossil water.
Lack of water may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters are not safe. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. And lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.
One partial answer to the world water shortage, at least for countries near the sea, is to build more desalination plants that change seawater into fresh water. Another suggested solution is for water-rich countries, such as Canada, to sell water to countries which are poor in water. A third suggestion is for countries to adopt ways of increasing the freshwater supply, such as teaching farmers in Africa methods to get clean rainwater. And nearly everyone agreed that the amount of water on our planet can’t be changed, but the way we use it can be if more people realized the problem. Last and the most important, public should be aware of saving water to defeat the water crisis.
Title: 1. .
I. Present situation:
★ Rivers are 2. .
★ Lakes are shrinking.
★ Streams have stopped flowing.
★ 3. is drying up.
II. 4. :
★ climate change →decreased rainfall →5. water supplies
★ population growth →rivers6. and fossil water to be pumped out
III. Consequences:
★ health problems
★7..
★ the affected ability of developing to improve economies
IV. 8. :
★ turning seawater into freshwater
★ water-rich countries selling water to 9. countries
★ exploring methods of getting clean rainwater
★ changing the way people use water
★ arousing10. of saving water
In the Caucasus (高加索) region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone. The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans (厄瓜多尔人) of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too.
These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked “at what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.”
What accounts for (解释) this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-living people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations (海拔) of 1,660 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel (血管) system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent (程度), they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society. Inherited (遗传) factors also play some role. Most of the longest-living people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
1. The example of Mr. and Mrs. Mamedov implies that some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 _________.
A. become weak and hopeless
B. benefit from physical work
C. are too old to work in the fields
D. are still working in the fields
2.What is the main way of life for all of these long-lived people?
A. Retiring from their lives as farmers.
B. Having been married for 90 years.
C. Hard physical work.
D. Having no intentions.
3.Which of the following factors is NOT helpful to people’s health and long life?
A. Clean mountain air. B. Daily hard work.
C. Good genes D. Stress and pressure.
4. What does the underlined word “isolation” mean?
A. the state of being separated B. pressure
C. lack of physical labour D. worry
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Russian people live longer than Americans
B. People in the city live longer than those in the country
C. The reason why mountainous people live longer
D. Pressures and worries contribute to long life
Chemical Safety
Procedures for handling chemical spills(泄露) and leaks.
Chemical spills and leaks can be broken down into two basic types: simple spills, which you can clean up yourself and complicated spills, which require outside assistance.
If your spill meets any of the following conditions, it is a complicated spill.
★ A person is injured; or
★ The identity of the chemical is unknown; or
★Multiple chemicals are involved; or
★The chemical is highly poisonous, flammable (可燃的) or reactive ; or
★The spill/leak occurs in a “public space” such as a corridor; or
★The spill/leak has the potential to spread to other parts of the building such as through the ventilation (通风) system; or
★The clean up procedures are not known or appropriate materials are not readily available; or
★The clean up requires a respirator (呼吸器) (including cartridge respirators) to be worn and no personnel have been trained and fit-tested in accordance(一致) with the campus Respiratory Protection Program; or
★The spill/leak may endanger the environment by reaching waterways or outside ground, or by going down a drain
If none of the above conditions are met, the spill is defined as a simple spill. You may clean up simple spills in accordance with Chapter 6 of the Chemical Safety Guide. For consultative assistance, call Division of Research Safety (DSR) at 333-2755.
How to report a complicated spill Evacuate(撤退) to a safe location, and alert others to evacuate. Dial 9-911 from a campus phone. Tell the operator you are calling to report a chemical spill at the University of Illinois. Have the following information ready. Name of chemical Quantity spilled Location of spill (Full building name and room number) Number of people injured or slashed If applicable, the occurrence of a fire or explosion Your name and phone number 5. Have someone knowledgeable about the chemical spilled meet the fire department at the main entrance to your building. Take a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical, if it is readily available. |
1.Which of the following situation can be classified as a simple spill?
A. Some spilled liquid causes a fire in the building.
B. Yellow and green gases are leaking from the storage room.
C. An unknown red chemical is found on the corridor floor.
D. A researcher spills his milk all over the lab floor.
2.According to the safety instructions, upon discovering a complicated spill on campus, people should _________.
A. put on a respirator as soon as possible
B. refer to Chapter 6 of the Chemical Safety Guide
C. get away from the spill and report it to authorities
D. call Division of the Research Safety at 333-2755
3. “MSDS” in the passage possibly refers to _____.
A. a mask B. an explanation about the chemical
C. a device D. another kind of chemical
4.Who are most possibly the targeted audiences of this article?
A. Students in the Chemistry Department of a university.
B. Researchers working at Chemical Institution of Illinois.
C. Members of Division of Research Safety.
D. Staff members at a chemical manufacturing company.
5.The purpose of the material above is to ____________ .
A. inform people of the dangers of various chemical spills
B. introduce complicated spills and necessary measures in response to them
C. encourage students to join the campus Respiratory Protection Program
D. compare simple spills and complicated spills
In China, if you are not married by the time you are 30, you are in for trouble social blame and pressure from family and friends can get you down. And if you are a woman, it’s even worse.
Many young people get married simply to get other people off their backs (免受别人的指责) . This is a serious compromise. One ends up not marrying the ideal partner.
There are, however, a few young people who refuse to compromise if they can’t find a good marriage partner, they say, they would rather not marry at all.
34-year-old Kate is a university lecturer in English. She said she would not describe herself as celibatarian (独身主义者) but simply a woman who hasn’t come across the right man yet. She has sharp comments for the way in which the old generation looks at marriage.
“Many people think marriage is a duty---to your parents, family and society. Nobody cares if your marriage is happy or not, she said, I think this is very wrong and I intend to live and act according to my own will.”
Happily for her, her parents are open-minded and not lay stress on her. But the same does not apply to her friends. They are constantly trying to get her together with some young man or another. She always refuses politely.
1.The main idea of the passage is that
A. marriage is a duty to society
B. people should get married before 30 years old
C. late marriage should be respected
D. women should get married earlier than men
2.Miss Kate refuses to get together with some young man or another because __________.
A. she doesn’t think he is the right man she wants
B. he is either too old or too young
C. he is either important or little learned
D. he doesn’t have good manners
3.In the first paragraph the underlined words “in for” refer to _________.
A. interested in B. satisfied with
C. worried about D. likely to suffer
4. Which is NOT TRUE according to this passage?
A. In China, one may face social blame and family pressure if one hasn’t got married by 30.
B. Miss Kate’s parents are always worried about her marriage.
C. Miss Kate won’t compromise if she can’t have her ideal marriage.
D. Miss Kate wants to marry a worthy young man.
5.If marriage is regarded as a duty to society, __________.
A. everybody will be happy and satisfied
B. nobody will pay attention to whether you are happy or not in your family life
C. you can easily find an ideal partner
D. young people will have nothing to worry about in marriage
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, 1. side effects are also enormous.
To begin 2. , examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged 3. examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations. In addition, the most undesirable effect is 4. examinations encourage bad study habits. As 5. examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather 6. to think creatively.
In fact, few 7. us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. If that is the case, 8. cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?
