根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括出每段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余项。(E=A+B; F=A+C)
A. Don't be afraid of risks. B. Find ways to solve problems. C. Learn from successful people. D. Do not give up easily. E. Know the meaning of success. F. Enjoy facing your failure. |
1.
You cannot have success if you don't know what it means to you. Set clear goals and be realistic. Your standards should be specific or else you will spend your entire time chasing (追寻) after a vague goal. For example, you want to be good at your job. However, this is not a specific goal .Instead , specify this goal as: “My goal is to only be late for work five times per year, at the most.” This is a specific goal that when achieved, give you a sense of satisfaction and completion, making you feel successful and confident.
2.
Look around--who has the success that you envision(想象) for yourself? What are they doing? How do they approach a successful life? Become their students. Ask them for advice. Spend time around them, if you can. Learn from them. They will bring you much useful experience.
3.
Successful people think big and act big. It can be scary to do, but if you don't, then how will you ever be successful? Don't wait for opportunities. Dig them out. Successful people make big investments ( in their careers, in their business, in their education ) and all investments involve some degree of risk. Study your risks, and be brave.
4.
People who are successful like solving problems and answering questions. No matter where you are or what you're doing, look around and try to think of ways you can find, for example, what are people struggling with or complaining about? How can you make life easier for them in an effective way? Can you redesign or reorganize some aspects of the situation so that things can run more smoothly?
5.
You should learn to persist. It is also the key factor to success. When asked about his 10,000 failed attempts to develop a storage battery, the prolific(多产的) American inventor Thomas Edison replied: "I have not failed; I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work. So, if your first attempt didn't work, don't quit and don't give up."
For Canadians, backpacking Europe is a special ceremony signifying a new life stage. Unlike package tours, backpacking is a struggle, full of discovery and chance connections. It is about focusing on something different from our own lives and losing ourselves in a new world, if only for a moment.
Well, that's what backpacking Europe is supposed to do. That’s what it used to do before modern communications, social media, and commercial hostelling (旅社). Older Canadians would not recognize the Europe that they backpacked in the 1960s, 1970s and even the 1980s. Far from a rough adventure into foreign cultures, the European experience has been shattered in part by today's technology.
A few years ago, I took my then 60-year-old father on a backpacking trip across part of Europe and Turkey. As he is an experienced traveler and someone who possesses a strong sense of adventure, I decided that we'd travel on a budget, staying in hostel dorms. For him, backpacking through Europe in 1969 was about independence and struggle. But two things surprised him at the end of our journey. First was how technology-based backpacking had become: Young people were so directly connected to home that they were hardly away in any meaningful sense. Second, the lack of connections we made with locals. Instead of making us feel closer to a place, he found commercial hostelling actually made us more alienated (疏远的).
But there was some room for hope. While technology takes our attention away from the beauty and history before us, there were also ways in which it helped us to connect with our surroundings. Websites like Airbnb have made it easier to stay with enthusiastic locals. Couch Surfing helps organize meet-ups between locals and travelers. The online marketplace Dopios offers a chance to meet locals through enjoyable experiences like a personalized city tour.
Backpacking can never be the way it was for our parents’ generation. But doing a little study of history and culture before leaving, and bravely getting rid of any electronic devices while traveling, will help give young travelers a taste of the glory days.
1.The underlined word “shattered” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A. broadened B. relived
C. ruined D. acquired
2.Which of the following can be used to describe the author’s father?
A. Sensitive. B. Adventurous.
C. Strict. D. Generous.
3.After the recent backpacking trip in Europe, the author’s father finds ________.
A. backpackers connect less with locals than before
B. young people dislike getting in touch with their family
C. a hostel is a nice place for travelers to meet each other
D. backpacking in Europe becomes more difficult than before
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards technology?
A. Negative.
B. Objective.
C. Uncertain.
D. Uninterested.
5.The text mainly discusses the relationship between ________.
A. technology and traveling
B. adventures and cultures
C. young people and their family
D. Canadian travelers and Europeans
Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.
One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.
They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.
Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.
The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.
The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs--or intelligence quotients--of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.
Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.
1.Which could be the best title of the passage?
A. Punishment
B. The Best Way to Influence Behavior.
C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?
D. Two Recent Studies.
2.The underlined word “spanked” probably means______.
A. won B. punished C. tested D. praised
3.According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is______.
A. rewarding good behavior
B. correcting bad behavior
C. punishing badly-behaved children
D. praising well-behaved children
4.The author develops the passage______.
A. in order of time
B. in order of importance
C. by describing his experiences
D. by using quotations and statistics
Last month my family, my husband and I visited the zoo in Tulsa, Oklahoma. I was afraid I just couldn’t hide my excitement as it had been five years since I had been to the zoo. I was especially excited about getting to see the penguin exhibit that was completed since my last visit. I thought it would be just as magical as it was the last time.
The Tulsa Zoo is located on Mohawk Park, and covers 84 acres, making it the third largest zoo in the US. The zoo has several highlights, but I have to admit that I found myself rather disappointed. The maintenance is deeply lacking, and most of the exhibits, landscaping, etc. looked like it had not been updated or well kept. Unfortunately, their polar bear died a short time ago. The strangest attraction was the missing-in-action jaguar (美洲虎). We spent several minutes searching for the animal without any luck. In most cases the zoo was good about putting up a sign if the animal was no longer there or was moved to a different location, but it was a different case with the jaguar and likewise the kangaroo.
Almost all of the hands-on equipment in the elephant encounter was broken and no longer working. Although the zoo did put up signs as an apology, it continued to add to the feeling that the zoo is approaching death. The one exhibit that did not fail to impress was the African Penguins. Their habitat was well built. The lion, bear, and tiger were also easy to watch. A favorite among the kids was clearly the monkeys who were very active and eager to put on a show.
The Tropical Rainforest did a very good job creating a special atmosphere. The cafe served very good food and had lovely indoor and outdoor areas for eating. They are currently re-designing the Sea Lion exhibit, so the Sea Lions were not available for viewing while we were there. All things considered, the Tulsa Zoo is still the best zoo in our area, but I would only award it three out of five stars.
1.Seeing several highlights in the Tulsa Zoo, the author _________.
A. felt very excited
B. was a little frightened
C. was not satisfied with them
D. thought it was worth seeing
2.Why did the author think it was a different case with the jaguar?
A. Because the jaguar was friendly to the kangaroo and visitors.
B. Because the zoo didn’t use a sign to show if the jaguar was there.
C. Because the jaguar is very dangerous compared with other animals.
D. Because the jaguar had disappeared when the author got there.
3.What does the author think of the Tulsa Zoo in general?
A. It is a first class zoo in her area.
B. It is the best zoo in the US.
C. She thinks very poorly of it.
D. She thinks nothing of it.
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Yesterday was my stepmother’s birthday. I haven’t been home for a long time, so I wanted to stop by the house to her on this special day. I have been in terms of money so I was afraid that I couldn’t afford the long . Gas is so expensive nowadays! , I filled my tank with gas and set off.
I at a shopping mall and found a present. It was the gift and I knew she would love it. when I got to the cashier, my card was ! I didn’t have enough money to the gift!
So I thought about the for a few minutes. I could put it back and get something , but I knew there was else in the store she would have liked as much. So, I transferred some money from my savings account and was able to buy the gift. It took a part of my savings but I wanted her to have something special.
It turned out that she loved the gift and I that even though I had spent almost all my money, my stepmother the best. I was glad I gave her the best that I could.
Before I my parents’ house, my dad took me to one side and, with our secret handshake, he gave me some money. I had not anything to him about my financial , but I guessed my dad just knew. When I got to the car, I saw the he gave me was three times what I had spent on the gas and the gift! It shows that doing the right thing always comes with great .
1.A. invite B. drive C. help D. see
2.A. struggling B. dreaming C. escaping D. improving
3.A. meeting B. journey C. jump D. holiday
4.A. Anyway B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Besides
5.A. shouted B. left C. stopped D. smoked
6.A. ordinary B. handmade C. free D. perfect
7.A. So B. But C. Though D. Since
8.A. opened B. gone C. checked D. refused
9.A. hand out B. hang on C. make up D. pay for
10.A. problem B. dream C. tour D. reason
11.A. smaller B. cheaper C. better D. greater
12.A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
13.A. large B. whole C. tiny D. half
14.A. decided B. felt C. advised D. predicted
15.A. offered B. accepted C. deserved D. sent
16.A. visited B. left C. entered D. called
17.A. presented B. promised C. written D. mentioned
18.A. future B. memory C. condition D. means
19.A. help B. amount C. benefit D. knowledge
20.A. addiction B. rewards C. harm D. risks
