It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _______.
A. determine one's behavior
B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings
D. result from one's habits
2.Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
A couple who held hands at breakfast every morning even after 70 years of marriage have died 15 hours apart. Helen Felumlee, died at 92 on April 12. Her husband, 91-year-old Kenneth Felumlee, died the next morning.
The couple’s eight children say the two had been inseparable since meeting as teenagers, once sharing the bottom of a bunk (双层) bed on a ferry rather than sleeping on night apart.
They remained deeply in love until the very end, even eating breakfast together while holding hands, said their daughter, Linda Cody. “We knew when one went, the other was going to go,” she said. According to Cody, about 12 hours after Helen died, Kenneth looked at his children and said, “Mon’s dead.” He quickly began to fade, surrounded by 24 of his closest family members and friends when he died the next morning. “He was ready,” Cody said, “He just didn’t want to leave her here by herself.”
Son Dick said his parents died of old age, surrounded by family.
The pair had known each other for several years when they eloped（私奔）in Newport across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, on Feb. 20, 1994. At two days shy of his 21st birthday, Kenneth-who went by Kenny-was too young to marry in Ohio. “He couldn’t wait.’ son Jim said.
Kenneth worked as a railroad car inspector and mechanic before becoming a mail carrier for the Post Office. He was active in the church as a Sunday teacher.
Helen stayed at home, not only cooking and cleaning for her own family but also for other families in need in the area. She taught Sunday school, too, but was known more for her greeting card ministry, sending cards for birthdays, sympathy and the holidays to everyone in her community, each with a personal note inside. “She kept Hallmark in business,” daughter-in-law Debbie joked.
When Kenneth retired in 1983 and the children began to leave the house, the Felumlees began to explore their love of travel, visiting almost all 50 states by bus. “He didn’t want to fly anywhere because you couldn’t see anything as you were going,” Jim said.
Although both experienced declining health in recent years, Cody said, each tried to stay strong for the other. “That’s what kept them going,” she said.
1.From the second paragraph we can infer ______.
A. Helen and Kenneth have two children
B. Helen and Kenneth have eight children
C. Helen and Kenneth once stayed on a ferry together
D. Helen and Kenneth loved each other since teenage times
2.From what Cody said, we can learn the children _____.
A. were not in front of their father
B. don’t look after their father
C. foresaw their father would go
D. surrounded their father
3.What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?
A. Helen and Kenneth got married when they didn’t reach the demanded ages.
B. Helen and Kenneth got married after they had known for 2 days.
C. Helen didn’t wait for Kenneth.
D. Kenneth was 22 years old when they got married.
4.How many jobs did Kenneth get?
A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One.
One morning, Ann’s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers（传单）, and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
“If it hadn’t come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died,” Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him, “That dog saved my friend’s son.”
Peter drove to Ann’s house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.”
1.What did Tracy do after finding the dog?
A. She looked for its owner
B. She gave it to Ann as a gift.
C. She sold it to the dollar store.
D. She bought some food for it.
2.How did the dog help save Jack?
A. By breaking the door for Ann.
B. By leading Ann to Jack’s room.
C. By dragging Jack out of the room.
D. By attending Jack when Ann was out.
3.What was Ann’s attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4?
A. Sympathetic B. Doubtful
C. Tolerant D. Grateful
4.For what purpose did Peter call Tracy?
A. To help her friend’s son.
B. To interview Tracy
C. To take back his dog.
D. To return the flier to her.
Well I decided to cut my front lawn （草坪）today, especially since I live on a main street downtown with lots of traffic. Anyway, I finished mine and decided to cut my neighbor—Jean’s grass while I was at it. She is a sweet person who has gone through some trying times in the last year. Her brother passed away of cancer last year; her sister (who lives with her) is mentally challenged—yet so sweet!
It was a difficult time with physical and mental challenges that led her employer in our local hospital to let her go after 25 years of service! Lastly, my neighbor Jean, who is a nurse in our local hospital, was diagnosed with esophageal （食道） cancer in December. She went through radiation and a long recovery—but thankful she is in remission（缓解）.
Anyway, in short I was leaving my house this afternoon and she stopped me to thank me for cutting her grass. She told me her dad passed away on Friday and she just arrived home from the funeral service, so she didn’t know when I would have time to cut her grass. So, when she arrived home and saw it cut she was more than happy and grateful! I said to her “You are welcome, just a small act of kindness for a neighbor.”
I did it for exercise and shared pleasure not knowing it meant more to her than just doing a neighbor a favor!
1.Although a lot of unfortunate matters happened to Jean, she is still _____.
A. pessimistic B. optimistic
C. depressed D. disappointed
2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “trying” in the first paragraph?
A. Happy. B. Exciting. C. Simple. D. Hard.
3.What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?
A. Jean is unlucky.
B. Jean lives happily.
C. Jean has retired.
D. Jean’s employer doesn’t like her.
4.How does Jean feel about the author helping her cutting grass?
A. She feels sad.
B. She feels only happy.
C. She feels very happy and thankful.
D. She feels easy.
Each one of us is a wonderful being. Encouragement can the hidden ability and wonder in an individual. Telling others constantly that they are the useless, stupid, and uncreative only the possibility of their improvement. But if we were to the encouragement technique in our praises, chances are that we would make others realize their .
An old man was picking fish from the shore and throwing them back into the sea. A young man this and said, “For the past two hours you are throwing fishes into the sea. But there are so many fishes around. Can you make a difference to all of them?” The old man smiled, yet another fish, threw it into the sea and said, “I have made difference to this fish.”
Constantly encourage yourself and encourage others. Let this be your and duty. Believe in them, and life will have meaningful . With such a purpose you will have no time to be depressed. The act of yourself and others will be a source of joy.
“But I am so . Can I make a difference to the world?” asked the man. It is said, “What a little lamp can do, the great Sun cannot; it can shine in the .”
A pilot while flying realized that he direction. It was dark and difficult for him to land. The was running out. There was a great . Suddenly he saw a heavy truck on the expressway; its headlight beam him to make out the path. Using expressway as runway, he . He said to himself, “I am sure the truck driver would not have realized that the truck’s headlights many lives”.
In the same way, we may not know how we can to others. What is important is our intention to contribute.
1.A. lose B. lack C. inspire D. appreciate
2.A. destroys B. adds C. creates D. gains
3.A. discover B. study C. employ D. improve
4.A. goal B. dream C. fault D. potential
5.A. sure B. busy C. worth D. foolish
6.A. observed B. praised C. opposed D. heard
7.A. really B. specially C. quickly D. frequently
8.A. set up B. ran up C. picked up D. went up
9.A. progress B. habit C. result D. benefit
10.A. stories B. tasks C. friends D. purposes
11.A. encouraging B. trusting C. enjoying D. appreciating
12.A. helpful B. meaningful C. unimportant D. unlucky
13.A. morning B. night C. sky D. hole
14.A. missed B. found C. mistook D. lost
15.A. fuel B. money C. strength D. patience
16.A. comfort B. surprise C. pleasure D. danger
17.A. advised B. helped C. taught D. requested
18.A. escaped B. failed C. landed D. appeared
19.A. killed B. saved C. risked D. cost
20.A. turn B. contribute C. point D. prefer
She ________ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A. phoned B. had phoned
C. was phoning D. has phoned
