Question

While success is surely sweeter than failure, it seems failure is a far better teacher, and organizations that fail miserably often flourish (繁荣) more in the long run, according to a new study by Vinit Desai, assistant professor of management at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. Researchers have found that people missing their goals perform much better in the long run. That is because they gain more knowledge from their failures than their successes and the lessons are more likely to stay longer in their minds.

“We found that the knowledge gained from success was often fleeting while knowledge from failure stuck around for years,” said professor Desai, who led the study. “But companies often ignore failure. Managers may fire people or turn over the whole workforce while they should treat the failure as a learning opportunity.”

Prof Desai compared the flights of the space shuttle Atlantis and the Challenger. During the Atlantis flight last year, a piece of insulation (绝缘体) broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster (助推火箭) but didn’t influence the program. There was little investigation. The Challenger was launched next and another piece of insulation broke off. This time the shuttle and its seven–person crew were destroyed. The disaster led to a major investigation resulting in 29 changes to prevent future disasters.

The difference in response in the two cases came down to this: Atlantis was considered a success and the Challenger a failure.

“Despite crowded skies, airlines are extremely reliable,” he said. “The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.”

Prof Desai doesn’t recommend finding out failure in order to learn. Instead, he advises organizations to analyze small failures to collect useful information rather than wait for major failures.

1.Why did experts pay little attention to the problem of Atlantis?

A. Because it worked perfectly.

B. Because the right booster was still OK.

C. Because nothing serious happened then.

D. Because fewer people died in the flight.

2. Fewer accidents happen to older airlines in that ________.

A. their planes couldn’t fly high in the sky

B. they gained much from experience in failure

C. their planes were often checked by the experts

D. they were unpopular among passengers

3.The passage is written mainly to ________.

A. show failure is a better teacher than success

B. explain why Challenger failed

C. introduce something about Prof Desai

D. tell managers how to achieve success

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.A

【解析】 本文是一篇与航空事业有关的说明文，通过描述工作人员研究飞机在航空时的状况，间接告诉我们失败乃成功之母，细小的错误同样需要重视的道理。

1. Atlantis ，“The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.”Prof Desai 说 Atlantis失败次数特别少。过去的研究已经表明那些有更多失败经验的老航线，有更少的事故。可以推断出应选C

2. past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents过去的研究已经表明那些有更多失败经验的老航线，有更少的事故。故选B

3. is because they gain more knowledge from their failures than their successes 那是因为他们从失败中得到的知识比成功中得到的多。点明文章主旨，故选A

考点：考察说明文阅读