Global Positioning Systems(GPS) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype (网络电话软件). He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. BARRY BROWN: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'.”
Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. BARRY BROWN: “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues(时机问题) related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says, “ To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.”
1.In paragraph 2, Mr. Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to _______.
A. build up his own reputation
B. laugh at his stupid friend
C. prove the GPS system is only garbage
D. describe an example of human error
2.What is the disadvantage of small screens in GPS equipment according to the text?
A. They just provide the next turn.
B. They are harmful to eyes.
C. They make drivers tired easily.
D. They often break down suddenly.
3.Which of the following statements would Barry Brown most likely agree with?
A. GPS units are to blame for most GPS service failures.
B. We should introduce higher standards for the driving license.
C. Cameras are badly needed to help improve GPS systems.
D. Drivers, GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems.
4. What is Mr. Brown’s attitude towards GPS?
A. Unconcerned. B.subjective.
C. Objective. D. Critical.
5.Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of the passage?
A. Driving with GPS can be difficult.
B. Driving confusions can be caused by small screens.
C. Driving without GPS should be much more convenient.
D. GPS equipment in driving to be given up or improved
Like most people, I have grown up hearing the story Cinderella, in which a young girl lived with her cruel stepmother and suddenly had her life changed by a kind fairy and a smart prince. So when to see Rodger & Hammerstein’s Cinderella, which is now playing on Broadway, I was very excited, As soon as I sat down, I noticed the trees lining the stage ,which gave it a magical appearance. The orchestra started to play and the lights became dark as the show began.
I loved the entire performance. Everything and everyone on stage seemed like they had just jumped off the pages of the beloved story.
It turns out that the Broadway experts agree with me. The show has received nine Tony nominations(提名). Tony awards are the top prizes for Broadway shows. Laura Osnes, who plays the role of Cinderella, has been nominated for the Tony for best actress in a musical.
How similar is the show to the story of Cinderella you know? The answer, of course, depends on which version of the story you’ve seen or read. In an interview with TIME FOR Kids, Osnes pointed out that many people are familiar with the Disney movie version. There are some differences between that movie and the Broadway show. For one thing, the stepmother and the sisters are not as cruel in the show as in the movie. Also, in the Broadway version, when Cinderella escapes from the dancing party, she picks up her shoe after dropping it. So how does the prince find Cinderella again? You’ll have to see the show to find out!
I just think anyone would enjoy this play, including both kids and adults. The attention to detail is amazing. In my opinion, this play deserves a double thumbs-up!
1.The author was excited because .
A. he has grown up knowing the story of Cinderella
B. he could see Rodgers & Hammerstein’s Cinderella on stage
C. the lights became dark and the orchestra started to play
D. the stage had a magical appearance with the tree on it
2.Which of the following shows that the Broadway experts agree with the author?
A. They all agree the musical is more beloved than the story.
B. They all agree the story is more complicated than the musical.
C. Broadway experts have given the show nine Tony nominations.
D. Laura Osnes has been nominated for the Tony for best actress.
3.What is one of the differences between the Disney movie and the Broadway show according to the passage?
A. Cinderella picks up her shoe after dropping it in the movie.
B. The stepmother and the sisters are crueler in the movie.
C. The prince doesn’t find Cinderella in the show.
D. Cinderella doesn’t escape from the dancing party in the show.
4.According to the author, this show is suitable .
A. only for grown-up
B. only for children.
C. for both grown-ups and children
D. for either grown-ups or children
---Mary, let’s go to the bookshop this weekend. Will you be ?
---Sorry, but I’m going to visit my uncle in the countryside.
A. eager B. Suitable
C. convenient D. available
---Volunteering is getting popular in China.
---Indeed. More people are now aware that helping others benefits themselves a lot.
A. casually B. accurately
C. tightly D. Increasingly
Due to the traffic jam, thousands of passengers remained on the freeway.
A. stuck B. sticking
C. to be sticking D.to have stuck
It was the soldier did at the spot of the accident, not what he said, moved all the citizens of the whole city.
A. that; what B. what; that
C. that; that D. what; which