调查表明，百分之七十以上的孩子很少或仅仅是偶尔参与户外活动。专家认为，缺乏户外运动会对学生乃至成人的身心健康产生不良影响。为了倡导中学生接近大自然，某中学生英文报举办了一次征文活动。请你根据下面所提供的内容用英语写一篇短文。
要点：1. 户外活动的好处；
2. 户外活动的方式；
3. 户外活动需要注意的事项。
注意：1. 短文必须包括以上所有要点，并适当增加细节，以保证表达的连贯；
2. 词数：120–150词。开头已给出，该部分不计入总词数；
3. 不得抄袭，所有雷同作文均以零分计；
4. 短文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
A survey suggests that more than 70 percent of children today have little contact with the
natural world, and that this is having a huge impact on their health and development.
完成句子（共20空，每空0.5分，满分10分）请将答案写在答题纸相应题号的横线上。
1.最近我作了一次短途旅行，但这次旅行花费的时间比我预计的要长。
I went on an recently, but my trip took me than I expected.
2.他跟不上比赛的节奏，因为他的漫不经心，我们输了比赛。
He could not keep pace the game, and as a result his careless playing we lost.
3.虽然可能有点尴尬， 但是如果她真是你最好的朋友，你应该为责怪她而向她道歉。
it may feel awkward, if she really is your best friend you should apologize for her.
4.当被问起公司的未来时，经理毫不犹豫地回答说他依然乐观。
When about the company’s future, the manager responded without that he remained optimistic.
5.森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起。
Forest fires are often caused by glass or by cigarette ends which people throw away.
6.如果你把要花在维修上的钱考虑进去，这房子就有点贵了。
If you take consideration the money you’ll spend on , this house is a little bit expensive.
7.他们会联想到贪婪的商人逃避社会责任，一味关心金钱。
They think of businessmen from their responsibilities, and only worrying about money.
8.后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲 。
Afterwards, I to be cheerful, but Hannah something was wrong.
9.他们俩在这件事上意见相左。
Their opinions each other on this matter.
10.尽管有上述种种说法，但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树上。
In of all that has been said, the tourists have been leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
根据首字母或中文提示写出符合要求的单词。
1.Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very (成绩好) and like to study, but we like it that way.
2.At universities and colleges you need a certain number of c to be awarded a degree.
3.Paul’s mother had him (收养) because she couldn’t look after him herself.
4.As the child was ill, his parents took him to the hospital to see a p .
5.We use human translators rather than machines as we believe they are more (可靠)
6.Usually girls’ friendships are a in shared feelings and support.
7.At the time, I thought that the whole (概念；观念) of cloning was not moral.
8.The successful cloning of this baby was seen as a medical b .
9.The children were (争论) about which TV programme to watch.
10.The plane’s e were damaged when the plane landed, and the plane had to be repaired.
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
How to Prevent from Altitude Sickness
Being a paradise to many tourists, Tibet has been the dreaming wonderland and attracted tourists all over the world. And now as tourism in Tibet enters the peak season, more and more visitors are longing to travel to the mysterious highland. Meanwhile, they are worried about the altitude sickness (高原反应) which is most likely to experience in Tibet. Experts advised that tourists to Tibet should have a scientific and better understanding of the disease.
Altitude sickness, also known as acute high altitude disease (AHAD), is a common physiological reaction caused by acute exposure to low oxygen content and air pressure and dry weather when people getting up to a place with a certain altitude.
Acute altitude reaction usually occurs within hours or days after a person goes up to a highland above 2, 700 meters above sea level from a region with a lower altitude. It is believed that most visitors to Tibet will be certain to suffer from at least some symptoms which will generally disappear through acclimatization in several hours to several days. It presents as a collection of nonspecific symptoms including headache, shortness of breath, oppressed feeling in the chest, lack of appetite, fever, dizziness, fatigue or weakness, etc. Some will even take the chance to come down with drowsiness, insomnia, adrenaline surge, nosebleed and so on.
However, experts point out that human bodies can adapt to the surroundings (适应环境) in a gradual way. Therefore, altitude sickness is not that scary.
To prevent the occurrence of altitude sickness, visitors should have a proper preparation in advance and avoid heavy physical activities before they go to Tibet. After getting off the plane, they should try not to carry heavy things, run or avoid outdoor activities as much as possible.
Nifedipinum, Nuodikang Capsule and Suoluomabao Capsule (胶囊), which is also known as Hongjingtian Capsule, may help some people prevent the occurrence of altitude sickness when they are taken three days before people arrive in a highland.
Visitors with a severe cold, a high fever, acute or chronic pulmonary diseases, severe cardiovascular diseases, women in late pregnant and kids under three years old should avoid traveling to regions with a high altitude.
Proper rest, considerate preparation, and enough oxygen uptake can all help to relieve altitude sickness. If a patient does not show any sign of improvements after three to four hours, he/ she should go to a hospital for medical treatment.
Title: How to Prevent from Altitude Sickness
Tibet is an 1. site for tourists, but altitude sickness will be probably along with tourists. | |
Causes | Altitude sickness 2. from low oxygen content and air pressure and dry weather. |
3. | ◇Headache, shortness of breath, oppressed feeling in the chest, lack of appetite, fever, dizziness, fatigue or weakness, etc. |
Prevention | ◇Human bodies can adapt to the surroundings 4. . ◇Visitors can take some useful5. in advance so as to avoid altitude sickness. ◇Visitors can take some 6. to help prevent the occurrence of altitude sickness. ◇The people with7. symptoms should avoid traveling to Tibet. |
8. | ◇Proper rest, considerate preparation, and enough oxygen uptake can help to 9. altitude sickness. ◇A patient who does not 10. after three to four hours should go to a hospital for treatment. |
How do people traditionally manufacture (制造) things? They usually start with a sheet of metal, wood or other material and cut, drill (钻) and shave it to create a desired shape. Sometimes, they use a mold (模具) made of metal or sand, pour liquid plastic or metal into it and let it cool to create a solid part.
Now, a completely different method is gaining popularity.
On Oct. 9, 2013, London Science Museum kicked off its new exhibition, 3-D: Printing the Future, with over 600 3-D printed objects on display, including space probes (探测器), toy dolls and even human organs – basically any product you can think of, reported Live Science.
You might find it hard to believe that an object can actually be “printed out” like a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it works. Just as a traditional printer sprays (喷洒) ink onto paper line by line, modern 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.
Instead of ink, the materials the 3-D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin (树脂) and certain metals. The thinner each layer is – from a millimeter to less than the width of a hair – the smoother and finer the object will be. And objects always come out in one piece, sparing you the trouble of putting different parts together afterward.
For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost ￡20,000 (200,000 yuan), while now it costs only about ￡1,000, according to the BBC. In fact, 3-D printers have been around for some time, but until recently they hadn’t been very popular since few people could afford them. Last year, though, saw a big decrease in the price of 3-D printers.
However, as 3-D printing technology becomes more commonplace, it may trigger certain problems. One of them is piracy (盗版). “Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail (零售的) store again?” an expert on 3-D printing told Forbes News.
Even more frightening, the world’s first 3-D printed gun was successfully fired in the US in May of this year, which means that 3-D printing could potentially give more people access to weapons.
1.According to the article, in the future, 3-D printing technology will probably ______.
A. change the way people make products
B. be applied as widely in our daily lives as computers
C. forbid many countries to make purchases of weapons
D. take the place of normal printers and save lots of energy
2.What was the big event that happened in the 3-D printing industry last year?
A. Over 600 3-D printed objects were on display in an exhibition.
B. 3-D printing technology came to be used in various fields.
C. The world’s first 3-D printed gun was successfully made.
D. The 3-D printer became more affordable for consumers.
3. What is the author’s attitude toward 3-D printing technology?
A. Amused. B. Objective.
C. Supportive. D. Negative.
Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves – all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph.
● Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956)
Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery (手术).
Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous.
Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized (麻醉) his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein (血管). He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart.
● Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005)
Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that gastritis was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid (胃酸). But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria (细菌) called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting (呕吐) each morning – he indeed had gastritis.
● Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011)
This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell (免疫细胞) called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer.
Steinman knew he couldn’t yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity.
With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines (疫苗) based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies (疗法). Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.
1. The main purpose of the article is to ______.
A. list some famous Nobel prize winners.
B. introduce a few Nobel prize winners who did experiments on themselves.
C. describe some dangerous experiments that Nobel prize-winners did on themselves.
D. list some difficulties that scientists go through to make important discoveries in biology .
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?
A. Forssmann’s experiment ended in failure.
B. Forssmann had the pipe pushed all the way into his heart.
C. Barry Marshall succeeded by drinking some Helicobacter pylori.
D. Barry Marshall was given full responsibility for the study on gastritis at first.
3. The underlined word “gastritis” in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.
A. a kind of stomach disease
B. a kind of immune cell
C. a new type of therapy
D. a type of leg cancer
4.From the text, we can conclude that Ralph Steinman ______.
A. had his request to experiment on patients denied
B. believed that cancer comes from stress and spicy food
C. discovered a new type of cancer cell called the dendritic cell
D. tried different therapies containing the dendritic cell on himself
