Everyone sleeps. However, taking the time to develop a sleep habit is probably the last thing on your mind and some sleep advice simply can’t be forgotten. 1. .
Watching TV until you fall asleep
It has nothing to do with what you watch--TV news isn’t a better pre-sleep choice than TV series. 2. . The bright light keeps you awake all the night. So even if you nod off (in front of the TV, for example), you probably won’t stay asleep for long.
Sleeping with pets
3. . They get comfortable, and then they move. This goes on all night, and whether you admit it or not, it interrupts your ability to get the level of sleep needed to feel rested.
Eating fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime
Heartburn (烧心, 胃痛) strikes anyone of any age, but it’s the most common GI disorder (胃肠失调) in older adults. If you’ve ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal, you’ve probably found the discomfort of stomach preventing you from falling asleep or staying asleep.
4. Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a fever--turning over and over again, never really feeling rested? Well, heavy exercise too close to bedtime has the same effect--it raises your body temperature so that your sleep is disturbed until your body temperature drops to normal, which may take several hours.
Accepting snoring (打呼噜) as normal sleep behavior
Snoring may seem as common as breathing, but it’s considered the biggest sleep killer, and it’s linked to several causes: sleeping on your back, being overweight, having a cold, drinking, or taking drugs. 5. . For the snorer, it disturbs sleep by awakening him/her every so often in order to breathe normally. For the partner, the noise can be unbearable.
A. Exercising heavily too close to bedtime
B. Here are some suggestions you’ll need to follow
C. Reducing your body temperature before bedtime
D. Rather it’s the TV’s bright light that is the criminal
E. Here are some bad habits you need to get rid of
F. Most seriously, it’s caused by a dangerous illness
G. Pets sleep most of the day, and they move a lot when sleeping
Some inventions are so useful, but seem so simple, that we wonder why no one thought of them long ago.
Post-it Notes were invented about twenty years ago by Art Fry, a scientist at 3M Company. The idea for the product came from an awful experience he often had while singing in his church choir. Fry used pieces of paper as bookmarks to mark the places in his book of songs, but these bookmarks were always falling out. Around that time, Fry heard about a new adhesive (粘合剂) that a colleague, Dr. Spence Silver, had created. This adhesive was special because it was strong enough to hold papers together, but not strong enough to tear the paper when it was removed.
A short time later, Fry realized that his new invention had even more uses than being a great bookmark. He came to this realization when he wrote a note on one of his new “bookmarks” and attached it to a report he was going to give to a colleague. Soon, co-workers were asking Fry for more of his invention so that they could use the new type of notes themselves.
Fry and some other people at 3M believed so much in the new product that they asked the company to give away thousands of the “sticky pieces of paper” for trial use. When some salespeople at 3M went to offices and showed workers just how helpful the new type of notes could be, they immediately received many orders. As more and more people discovered how useful Post-it Notes could be, the product took off.
1.How did Dr. Spence help Art Fry?
A. He created the Post-it Notes.
B. He offered the new adhesive to Art.
C. His adhesive made Art’s invention possible.
D. He often worked and discussed science with Art.
2.Which of the following is a possible use of Post-it Notes?
A. A note on a friend’s door
B. An ad in a newspaper.
C. A postcard from abroad.
D. An e-mail to a friend.
3.Which of the following shows the proper order of the events?
a. The company gave away many “sticky pieces of paper” for people to try.
b. Dr. Spence created a new adhesive.
c. Many orders were received and the Post-it Notes became successful.
d. Fry invented Post-it Notes.
e. His colleagues began to use the new types of notes themselves.
A. d b a e c B. b a e d c
C. d e a b c D. b d e a c
4.In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage?
A. Economy B. Recreation
C. Science D. Culture
If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗码) are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or a code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.
Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send his information about the enemy before his military action. In World War II, the Americans“broke”or figured out Japan's most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.
Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much is paid for the goods or when they are added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.
In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. There he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.
1.The best title of this passage would be________.
A. Codes and ciphers
B. Differences between codes and ciphers
C. History of codes and ciphers
D. Inventors of codes and ciphers
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.
B. You could read some words in Geronimo’s letter without his trellis.
C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.
D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 1600s.
3.According to Geronimo Gardano, a trellis is ________.
A. a piece of paper with many small holes
B. a secret message with a lot of small holes
C. a letter with unreadable words and sentences
D. a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures
4.It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of ________.
A. military affairs
B. commercial secrets
C. scientific achievements
D. personal enjoyment
Here is the tour that’s voted “3rd best tour in London” on the Best Things to Do--TripAdvisor! Hairy Goat is the best and most original tour company in London.
Do you like walking around a city and discovering something that makes a great photo? London is full of interesting photo chances and maybe you need someone to lead you to them. The tour is perfect for team events,
families, groups of friends and school or college classes.
Bring: A fully charged camera and plenty of memory cards or film, a drink and wear comfortable walking shoes. Dress for three hours’ walking outside.
Price: £45 per adult (18yrs and over), £40 per child (12-15yrs) and full-time students (student ID required). Some tours to be booked and paid in advance. Please call or email for details. Please follow the links on the website or call Corinna at +44(0)7540832771.
Meet: Meet in front of the Royal Exchange Building at Bank Underground Station. Take Exit 3 or 4 from the underground station.
When: See the website for scheduled dates.
Duration: Three hours, at a comfortable walking pace.
Finish: By an underground station within the city. Location varies daily.
1.A family of four, including a son of 19 and a daughter of 13, should pay ________.
A. £180 B.£175
C. £170 D. £160
2.According to the passage, the tour _________.
A. is intended for individuals only
B. takes three hours on a sightseeing vehicle
C. has been voted the best tour in London three times
D. offers chances to take great photos
3.According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. Hairy Goat organizes the tour.
B. All the tours are not to be booked in advance.
C. People can go through the website to find the date.
D. The tour finishes at the same location every day.
4.The passage is written mainly to __________.
A. introduce the best thing to do in London
B. show more information about London
C. attract people to take the tour in London
D. encourage people to walk instead of driving
Back in September of 2005, on the first day of school, Martha Cochran, a social studies school teacher at Robinson High School, did something unforgettable. On the first day of school, with permission of the school headmaster, she took all of the desks out of the classroom.
The kids came into the first period. They walked in, and there were no desks. They looked around and said, "Ms Cochran, where are our desks?" And she said, “You can't have a desk until you tell me how you earn them.”
They thought, "Well, maybe it's our grades.”
"No," she said.
"Maybe it's our behavior."
And she told them, "No, it's not even your behavior."
Second period, the same thing. Third period... By early afternoon television news reporters had gathered in Ms. Cochran’s class to find out about this crazy teacher.
The last period of the day, Martha Cochran gathered her class. They were at this time sitting on the ground floor around the sides of the room. "Throughout the day no one has really understood how you earn the ordinary desks in this classroom." she said, "Now I'm going to tell you."
Martha Cochran went to the door of the classroom and opened it, and as she did, twenty-seven adults, who were fathers or mothers of the kids, walked into that classroom, each one having a school desk. And they placed those school desks in rows. And when they finished placing those desks, those kids for the first time in their lives understood how they earned those desks.
Martha said, "You don't have to earn those desks. They did it for you. They put them out there for you, but it's up to you to sit here responsibly to learn, to be good students and good citizens, because they paid a price for you to have that desk, and don't ever forget it!"
1.Why did Cochran take all the desks out of the classroom?
A. Because she wanted to punish the kids.
B. Because she wanted to let kids know how they earned the desks.
C. Because kids didn't need any desks at her classes.
D. Because the desks were all broken.
2.Who get kids to have a chance to get education?
A. Teachers. B. The headmaster.
C. Kids themselves. D. Kids’ parents.
3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?
A. Kids finally understood what their teacher meant by themselves.
B. The headmaster supported Ms. Cochran’s idea.
C. Kids studied without desks on the first day.
D. Kids' parents earned the desks for them.
某英文报社举办以“I like Reading”为主题的征文活动，你打算投稿。请根据以下要点写一篇短文。
1、你为什么喜欢读书；
2、你喜欢读哪一类的书（例如：历史、科学、文学等）？
请给出至少两个理由。
注意：词数120个左右。
Reading is my favorite hobby.
