Sheep Smarter than Thought
London—Sheep, like turkeys and ostriches, are not considered the most clever animals. British scientists said last Wednesday humans may have underestimated the woolly creature. They could be much smarter than we think.
Researchers at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, southern England, have shown that the animals have a good memory system and are extremely good at recognizing faces—which they think is a sure sign of intelligence.
Behavioral scientist Keith Kendrick and his friends trained 20 sheep to recognize and distinguish 25 pairs of sheep faces and used electrodes (电极) to measure their brain activity , which showed they could remember 50 faces for up to two years .
“If they can do that with faces, they have to have reasonable intelligence; otherwise, what is the point of having a system for remembering faces and not remembering anything else?” Kendrick said in an interview.
So hours of seemingly mindless eating grass may not be so mindless after all.
Kendrick believes sheep got their reputation as dumb (unable to speak, unintelligent) animals because they live in large groups and do not appear to have much individuality and are frightened of just about everything.
“All animals, including humans, once they are frightened, don’t tend to show signs of intelligent action,” he explained.
In research reported in the science journal Nature, Kendrick and his team showed that sheep, like humans, have a specialized system in the brain which allows them to distinguish between many different faces which look extremely similar.
“The most important finding (of the study) is that they are able , both from a behavioral point of view and from looking at the way the brain is organized , to remember a large number of individuals for a very long time,” said Kendrick. “It is a very strange system. They are showing similar abilities in many ways to humans.”
1.From the first paragraph we can find that______.
A．people used to think sheep are smarter than the other animals
B．people used to raise sheep in a wrong way
C．people don’t consider sheep as clever animals
D．people have done a lot of research on sheep
2.From what Kendrick said in the interview we learn that_____.
A．scientists have learned everything about sheep’s intelligence
B．scientists have learned a little about sheep’s intelligence
C．scientists can’t do anything more about sheep’s memory
D．scientists do not have to research animals’ memory
3.As is known in the passage,__________.
A．sheep are among the week animals
B．it is not right for people to raise sheep in groups
C．when sheep eat grass in the field their minds may be active
D．if people feel frightened, they may become braver
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn't help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked, “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn't find out we were “depressed”, that is, in low spirits, until we were in high school.
Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don't seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?
Human development depends not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social positions. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages; traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation（揭示） machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation （诱惑）, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more attractive moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
1.According to the author, feeling depressed is ____________.
A. a sure sign of a mental problem in a child
B. a mental state present in all humans, including children
C. something that cannot be avoided in children's mental development
D. something hardly to be expected in a young child
2.According to the author, that today's children seem adult-like results from ____________.
A. the widespread influence of television
B. the poor arrangement of teaching content
C. the fast pace of human scientific development
D. the rising standard of living
3.What does the author think of communication through print for children?
A. It enables children to gain more social information.
B. It develops children's interest in reading and writing.
C. It helps children to read and write well.
D. It can control what children are to learn.
4.What does the author think of the change in today's children?
A. He feels their adult-like behavior is so funny.
B. He thinks the change worthy of note.
C. He considers it a rapid development.
D. He seems to be upset about it.
第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30 分）
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. Instead, use this change to make a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students.
Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two “little people” and some cheese.
The four are in a maze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can’t do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.
After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
1.The book Who Moved My Cheese is __________.
A. written all over the world B. read across the world
C. sold only in America D. loved only by teens
2.What does the text mainly discuss?
A. Never change in our life. B. Change whenever you like .
C. Change with the changes. D. Pay attention to the changes,
3.The underline word “four”（paragraph 3） refers to __________.
A. mice and little people B. students
C. cheese D. readers
4.In our lives, we should learn from __________.
A. mice B. little people
C. Chris D. Spence Johnson
假定你是李华，你的朋友Jack 在第二十六届英语演讲比赛中取得第一名的好成绩，你给他写信祝贺。
要点包括：1.得知他取得英语演讲比赛中第一名的好成，你表示祝贺；
2.对他获奖一事的看法和认识；
3.希望与他共进晚餐以示庆祝。
注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第1处起）不计分。
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。注意：答案写在答题卷上。
The weather is getting hotter. Having taken exercise, we will become much 1. (thirsty). A cold drink may be just 2. thing. But most of us are never concerned about what we drink. There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have an attractive color or cool name. Something that looks cool may be harmful to our 3. (safe).
4. a careful check, we may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine(咖啡因) in them, 5. (typical) aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say 6. drinks make us better at sports and can keep us awake. 7. be careful not to drink too much.
Research by Australian scientists found caffeine makes our heart beat fast, which in most energy drinks is at least as strong as 8. in a cup of coffee or tea and that many teenagers 9. (affect) by caffeine. There are possible health risks connected with energy drinks. Just one can of energy drink can make us nervous, 10.(cause) heart attacks. So why not stop drinking it right now?
