Question

Sports are by nature competitive. But recently, the over-competitive nature youth sports seem to have taken on has led to cause for ____.

    Those who are strongly against competition point out that in a competition, only one wins while the rest ____. They argue that competition leads children to define themselves by the outcome, tying their self-esteem(自尊心) up with their ability to ____ others. They further argue that competition causes anxiety, affects learning and causes children to view others as____ to their success. Competition restricts participation and ___ success. A “win-at-all-costs” mentality can cause children to pay little attention to honesty and fair play.

    On the opposite side of the debate are those who view competition as a ____ part of American society. They argue that placing kids in a competitive situation such as sports helps prepare them for a(n) ____ life in our society that is full of competition. ____ is a normal part of human nature and part of everyday life. Other arguments ____ competitive sports are that they provide challenges, help kids develop skills, and teach them how to get along with others.

    The third side of this debate says that a little competition can’t be that ____, as long as competition does not get out of hand and take on a “win-at-all-costs” mentality. They claim that competition in itself is not bad and it can serve as a ____ of social comparison, necessary for adolescents to see how ____ they are. Their advice is to introduce competition ____ while focusing more on mastery and cooperation during childhood. The gradual shift toward competition will allow children to build skills, participate fully, and focus on ____ rather than winning.

    It is important that you consider all of the possible ____ of competition before you put your child in a competitive situation.

1.A. alarm  B. concern  C. optimism  D. accident

2.A. follow  B. stop  C. fail  D. return

3.A. beat  B. change  C. study  D. control

4.A. tickets  B. barriers  C. roads  D. invitations

5.A. refuses  B. limits  C. imagines  D. stresses

6.A. healthy  B. popular  C. hard  D. missing

7.A. political  B. early  C. adult  D. daily

8.A. Disagreement B. Motivation  C. Difficulty  D. Competition

9.A. doubting  B. attacking  C. supporting  D. ignoring

10.A. necessary  B. bad  C. interesting  D. boring

11.A. sample  B. product  C. subject  D. means

12.A. unique  B. young  C. normal  D. skillful

13.A. gradually  B. eventually  C. widely  D. forcefully

14.A. observing  B. teaching  C. playing  D. growing

15.A. benefits  B. outcomes  C. responsibilities  D. methods

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.D

6.A

7.C

8.D

9.C

10.B

11.D

12.A

13.A

14.C

15.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文是议论文，讨论要不要把孩子放在竞争的环境中去，尽管各方意见不一致，但在做这事之前一定要慎重考虑。

1.

2.句意：那些强烈反对竞争的人指出，在比赛中，只有一个人能赢，而其它人会输。While 表对比，故选C项。

3.句意：他们认为竞争会让孩子通过结果来评判自己，把他们的自尊心与打败别人的能力联系在一起。根据上文中提到in a competition, only one wins while the rest ____. 在竞争中，只有一个赢，而其它人会失败。所以打败别人的能力想联系。故选A项。

4.句意：他们也认为竞争会导致焦虑，影响学习，使孩子认为这是他们成功的障碍。根据上文提到They argue that competition leads children to define themselves by the outcome他们会以结果来定义自己，这成为成功的障碍。所以选B项。

5.句意：竞争限制参与，强调成功。根据下方提到这种赢的代价会导致孩子不注重诚实与公平，所以只强调成功，故选D项。

6.句意：反对的那些人把这做为美国社会健康的一部分。与第二段强烈反对竞争的人想对比，他们认为这是很健康的， 所以选A项。

7.句意：他们认为把孩子放在竞争的环境中可以帮助孩子为将来进入竞争社会做好准备。that is full of competition.是adult life 的定语从句，成年人的世界充满竞争。故选C项。

8.句意：竞争是人类本性的正常的一部分也是日常生活的一部分。这段是在讨论竞争是优点，所以选D项。

9.句意：其它人认为支持竞争性的运动是提供挑战，帮助孩子发展技能，教会他们如何与人相处。这一段主在讲竞争的优点，所以选C项。

10.句意：第三方认为竞争不是坏事，只要不过分，体现胜利不惜一切精神就可以。根据下句话提到只要不过分，所以认为竞争不是坏事，所以选B项。

11.句意：竞争本身不是坏事，它体现社会比较的一种方法。Serve as 作为，根据语境选D项。

12.特性的；young年轻的；normal正常的；skillful有技术的；句意：有必要让青少年看到他们的独特性。Necessary to do ，有必要做某事，竞争是让孩子看到他的独特性，所以选A项。

13.句意：他们的建议是逐渐引入竞争与此同时在儿童时代多多关注合作与掌握。根据下文提到The gradual shift toward competition will allow children to build skills,逐步的转变允许孩子提高技能，所以选A项。

14.句意：逐渐的转变引入竞争允许孩子增强自己的技能，充分参与，集中注意力于玩上而不是赢上。根据上文提到Their advice is to introduce competition ____ while focusing more on mastery and cooperation during childhood在儿童时代多关注合作与掌握，故让孩子玩而不是赢，故选C项。

15.句意：在把你孩子放在竞争环境中之前，考虑到所以可能出现的结果是非常重要的。这是作者在深化主题，在做事之前充分考虑可能出现的结果，这是最好的办法，所以选B项。

考点 ：文化类阅读。