Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums(牙龈) and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12yearold boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.
Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉质), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.
1.According to the passage，what is the function of fluoride?
A．Making the surface on teeth much cleaner.
B．Protecting gums from being infected.
C．Keeping holes on teeth from forming.
D．Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production.
2.The underlined phrase “interfere with” in Para.5 probably means “________”．
A．do harm to B．account for
C．contribute to D．stand for
3.What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
A．To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth.
B．To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste.
C．To draw our attention to the dental care of young children.
D．To present the research results about dental care.
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.
1.What probably led to the start of advertising?
A．The discovery of iron.
B．The specialization of labor.
C．The appearance of new jobs.
D．The development of farming techniques.
2.To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright ________.
A．praised his plows in public
B．placed a sign outside the shop
C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D．showed his products to the customers
3.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to ________.
A．explain the origin of advertising
B．predict the future of advertising
C．expose problems in advertising
D．provide suggestions for advertising
4.In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who ________.
A．owned a ship
B．had the loudest voice
C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D．functioned like today's TV or radio commercial
5.The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.
A．the history of advertising
B．the benefits of advertising
C．the early forms of advertising
D．the basic design of advertising
A few weeks ago，our dog，which we had kept for more than ten years，had to be put down.First，a tumor on her stomach got worse，and she was very ____.Then，the pain in her back got so bad that sometimes she ___ lie down in the middle of a walk and couldn't take another ____.
When I first found out，I was very sad and cried a lot.She was more like a sister to me than a ___.But I was also angry at my stepfather，Steve，who told us the ___ a week after it happened.He ____ because he didn't want to worry us，and he didn't want me to get depressed (抑郁的)and fail my exams.I just thought she was ____ at the animals' hospital.
I think you know all the ____ that went through my head：She was my dog！Why didn't he tell us earlier？I didn't even get to say goodbye.
People in my family have a ____ of keeping things from me to protect me，such as only telling me that my aunt had cancer ____ she had already improved.All I could think was：Not again!
I ____ to my mum，and she said，“I know.I'm ____，too.”I opened my mouth to shout.And then she added，“I'm so angry with Steve that he had to ____ through all this on his own.”Hearing my mum's words，I shut up my mouth.I had been so ____ on myself.I hadn't thought about ____ Steve was going through.That dog was his baby.He'd had her for longer than he'd had us—and he had to make the decision to ____ her life，and then kept in silence for an entire ____.All my anger melted away，and all I felt was ____.
It makes me realize that we focus so much on ourselves that we ____ the pain of others.At that moment，my mum's words were an incredible ____ that I'll never forget.
1.A.lazy B．lonely
C．painful D．shameful
2.A.would B．should
C．might D．could
3.A.walk B．step
C．foot D．breath
4.A.tool B．toy
C．baby D．pet
5.A.plan B．accident
C．anecdote D．truth
6.A.lied B．waited
C．reflected D．hesitated
7.A.still B．once
C．even D．never
8.A.facts B．opinions
C．thoughts D．doubts
9.A.story B．secret
C．habit D．hobby
10.A.until B．before
C．while D．after
11.A.adjusted B．turned
C．contributed D．related
12.A.angry B．shocked
C．guilty D．abused
13.A.break B．go
C．look D．push
14.A.focused B．hooked
C．dependent D．hard
15.A.that B．where
C．what D．which
16.A.save B．expand
C．make D．end
17.A.year B．month
C．week D．day
18.A.regret B．blame
C．sorrow D．sympathy
19.A.shared B．ignored
C．reminded D．rid
20.A.comfort B．compromise
C．gift D．suggestion
We chat with our colleagues all the time when we have lunch, gossip in the tearoom, or leave work together. Sharing your personal life brings you closer to your coworkers and builds trust within your team. But revealing too much about yourself to colleagues, managers or human resources staff can cause difficulties and even endanger your work.
It's important to keep the right balance between getting along with colleagues and maintaining your privacy. “Communication in the office is tricky and complicated. You can neither spread chatter, nor be too silent and shut yourself off from others，” said Yang Yudan, deputy HR director at P&G.
According to her, there are several safe topics to talk about with colleagues during the break, such as the weather or movies. Women like to talk about makeup and clothing, while men are fond of sports and online games. But discussing your private life, such as relationship, habits or health conditions, is a potential minefield.
Liang Kun, 26, had to resign from his job at a trading company in Guangzhou last week after discussing his income with colleagues during a lunch break. “I didn't realize it was such a serious issue until a senior member of staff went to find the boss, asking why I got a higher salary than her，” said Liang. “Then our HR told me that according to the employee handbook it is forbidden to talk about salary in the office.” HR expert Yang also reminds us that paychecks are your own business. It is unwise to share this information with others, no matter how close you are.
To summarize, Yang advises office workers to be more aware of the image they project when talking to colleagues, “When you share your personal life, it will be recorded on your invisible resume and may slow down your career progressing.”
1.The author quoted Yang Yudan in the text to ________.
A．show his admiration for her
B．make an argument with her
C．support his own viewpoint
D．build up his fame
2.What can be inferred from the fact that Liang Kun had to resign his job according to the text?
A．It was unwise for him to share information with others.
B．He broke the rules made by the company.
C．He was such an honest person that he told the truth.
D．He treated his colleagues as family members.
3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To draw people's attention to their behaviors in public.
B．To advise office workers to be aware of the image they project.
C．To make you believe that communication in the office is complicated.
D．To warn you to be careful of invisible trouble while talking about your privacy to colleagues.
4.Which would be the best title for the text?
A．At Work, Keep It to Yourself
B．Keep the Right Balance
C．Share Your Personal Life with Others
D．Safe Topics to Talk about
A Leap(跳跃) to Honor
Leaping on a narrow balance beam(平衡木) is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13yearold gymnast, is an expert at it.
To perfect her skills, Lola ____ for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.
That's especially impressive, ____ she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift(移动) constantly. She often sees double and can't ____ how far away things are.
When she was little, her mom ____ that even though she couldn't see ____， she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the ___ right away and gymnastics became her favorite.
Though learning gymnastics has been more ____ for her than for some of her teammates, she has never quit. She doesn't let her ____ stop her from doing anything that she wants to.
She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest ____ is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to ____ your mind that it'll take you where you want to go，” says Lola.
To be a toplevel gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most ____ for anyone because it's four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn't fall ____ the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10—her highest score yet.
Lola doesn't want to be ____ differently from the other girls on her team. At competitions, the judges don't know about her vision ____. She doesn't tell them, because she doesn't think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her ____ attitude.
Lola never thinks about ____. She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her ____ is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she's learned to other kids ____ she grows up.
Lola is ____ of all her hard work and success. She says it's helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics too. Her ____ for other is “just believe in yourself”．
1.A.runs B．teaches C．trains D．dances
2.A.since B．unless C．after D．though
3.A.tell B．guess C．assume D．predict
4.A.suspected B．rememberedC．imagined D．noticed
5.A.deeply B．well C．ahead D．closely
6.A.task B．sport C．event D．show
7.A.boring B．enjoyableC．difficult D．satisfactory
8.A.talent B．quality C．nature D．condition
9.A.doubt B．advantage C．challenge D．progress
10.A.examine B．express C．open D．trust
11.A.fearful B．harmfulC．unfair D．inconvenient
12.A.to B．on C．off D．against
13.A.greeted B．treated C．served D．paid
14.A.pains B．stresses C．injuries D．problems
15.A.positive B．friendly C．flexible D．cautious
16.A.defending B．quitting C．winning D．bargaining
17.A.standard B．range C．view D．goal
18.A.until B．as C．when D．before
19.A.proud B．tired C．ashamed D．confident
20.A.plan B．adviceC．reward D．responsibility
(2013·北京东城区高三教学统一检测)He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see ________ the parcel was for.
A．who B．why
C．where D．what
