Question

(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mother­substitute(母亲替代物)．

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother­substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother­substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother­substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．

1.Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A．Warmth. B．Milk.

C．Contact.  D．Trust.

2.After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.

A．larger in size

B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing

D．more comfortable to rub against

3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？

A．Attention.  B．Softness.

C．Confidence. D．Interest.

4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

5.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

A．give the reasons for the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.D

5.B

【解析】 本文是一篇实验报告。作者通过一系列的举例旨在告诉读者实验中幼猴对妈妈的依赖。

1.

2.2】解析：选D。细节理解题。第三段中的第一句“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？”是本段的主题句。整个段落解释了“为什么出生两周后的猴子更喜欢布妈妈”。根据第三段的第二句“Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer...”可知，布妈妈接触起来更舒适，所以选D项。

3.3】解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句“Prolonged(长时间的)‘contact comfort’with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence...”可知，长时间与布妈妈接触会给幼猴信心。

4.4】解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述可知，幼猴来到陌生的环境会感到害怕，会寻找妈妈的怀抱，但是只要有了安全感，它就会开心地玩玩具，不那么在意妈妈是否在身边了。故D项正确。

5.5】解析：选B。主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文旨在告诉读者实验中关于幼猴对妈妈依赖的发现。