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Some people think that success is only f...

Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right familyand others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.I’m not going to say lucktalentand circumstances don’t come into play because they do.Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligenceand that’s just the reality of how life is.

Howeverto succeed in lifeone first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.Andin addition to thatin order to get really good at somethingone needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising.To become great at certain thingsit’ll require even more timetime that most people won’t put in.

This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.If you don’t enjoy what you doit is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.

When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great successyou know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.It’s sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talentbut thinking that way does you no goodand there’s a huge chance that you’re wrong anyway.

Whatever you doif you want to become great at ityou need to work day in and day outalmost to the point of addictionand over a long period of time.If you’re not willing to put in the time and workdon’t expect to receive any rewards.Consistenthard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may wantbut it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.

1.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about________.

Athe reasons for success

Bthe meaning of success

Cthe standards of success

Dthe importance of success

2.In Paragraph 2the underlined word that refers to________.

Abeing good at something

Bsetting a practical goal

Cputting in more time

Dsucceeding in life

3.Successful people suggest doing what one loves because________.

Awork makes one feel pain

Bone tends to enjoy his work

Cone gives up his work easily

Dit takes a lot of time to succeed

4.What can we infer from Paragraph  4?

ASuccessful people like to show their great skills.

BPeople sometimes succeed without luck or talent.

CPeople need to achieve success at the cost of life.

DIt helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.

5.What is the main theme of the passage?

AHaving a goal is vital to success.

BBeing good is different from being great.

COne cannot succeed without time and practice.

DLucktalent and family help to achieve success.

 

1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 【解析】本文为议论文。成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气,而是设定一个符合实际的目标,然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功,但是你为之付出的(领域)一定会成为你的优势所在。 1. 2.2】解析:选B。词义猜测题。根据上句...to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.可知,that代指“设定一个符合实际的目标”。 3.3】解析:选D。推理判断题。根据第二段可知,成功需要付出大部分人不愿付出的时间来学习和练习,这就是成功人士建议一个人要从事他所喜欢的事情的原因,故D项“成功需要很多时间”正确。A项和C项描述的情况只能在一个人不喜欢的前提下发生,故排除。B项意为“人们往往喜欢自己的工作”,文章中无从得知。 4.4】解析:选B。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知,认为成功是依靠运气或者天赋的想法对你是没有好处的,很有可能你错了,也就是说有时候人们的成功并不是靠这些因素,故B项正确。A项与本段首句不一致,并未提到成功的人喜欢展示自己的技巧;C项at the cost of life“付出生命的代价”是对they have put in a huge part of their life“付出他们生命中绝大部分的时间”的曲解;根据...thinking that way does you no good...排除D项。 5.5】解析:选C。主旨大意题。概括全文可知,文章主要指出成功的关键不是靠天赋、出身或运气,没有大量的时间和练习,一个人是不会取得成功的。文章虽然提到,要取得成功首先要设定一个符合实际的目标,但没说这是“至关重要的(vital)”,这并非文章的主题;文章也并非主要比较being good与being great的不同,故排除B项;D项与文章内容相反。
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We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in linehiring line standersbuying tickets from scalpers (票贩子)or purchasing line­cutting privileges directly fromsayan airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)

Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating thingsand each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue“First comefirst served”have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilegepowerand deep pockets.

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for saleI have no duty to accept the first offer that comes alongsimply because it’s the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activitiesproperly governed by different standards.

Sometimes standards changeand it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hearplayed over and overas you wait on hold when calling your bank“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

But don’t take the recorded message too seriously.Todaysome people’s calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to“score”incomings calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

Of coursemarkets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by meritothers by needstill others by chance.Howeverthe tendency of markets to replace queuesand other non­market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue­jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parksin call centersdoctors’officesand national parks—are recent developmentsscarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concernbut these are not the only places that markets have entered.

1.According to the authorwhich of the following seems governed by the principle“First comefirst served”

ATaking buses.

BBuying houses.

CFlying with an airline.

DVisiting amusement parks.

2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates________.

Athe necessity of patience in queuing

Bthe advantage of modern technology

Cthe uncertainty of allocation principle

Dthe fairness of telephonic services

3.The passage is meant to________.

Ajustify paying for faster services

Bdiscuss the morals of allocating things

Canalyze the reason for standing in line

Dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping

 

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A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

Alex Goldbergthe program’s foundersaid“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.

“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For examplewe’ve secured internships (实习) with world­famous firms such as Honda.

“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoringit is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.”Kieran Hepburn,14is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations EducationalScientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛)

The event was held for young people from around the worldto seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience.“Before we left I didn’t quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn’t stopit was amazing”he said“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”

The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuseviolence and unemployment.

Kieran said“ It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”

The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.

1.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to ________.

Atrain staff for world­famous firms

Boffer job opportunities to young adults

Cprovide youth with unique experiences

Dequip the unemployed with different skills

2.According to Alex Goldbergit is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to ________.

Athe lack of support from firms

Bthe cultural differences

Cthe effect of unemployment

Dthe shortage of money

3.According to the passagethe forum focused on how youth can ________.

Abuild up their confidence at school

Bfind work experience opportunities

Cimprove their social skills for the future

Dplay an active role in the change of society

4.We can learn from the passage that ________.

Athe visit to the United Kingdom was amazing

BKieran has made great progress in many aspects

Cthe youth have found a way to solve their problems

Dthe mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday

5.What would be the best title for the passage?

AAlex GoldbergFounder of Young Inspirations

BYoung People Find a World of Opportunity

CKieranBanbury School Pupil to Paris

DDebates Help Youth with Their Grades

 

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No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That led to the concept of specializationwhich means that people would specializeor focuson doing one specific job.

Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr.Fielderfor example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seedstended the fieldsand harvested and sold his crops.At the same timehe did many other jobs on the farm.Howeverhe didn’t make the bricks for his housecut his trees into boardsmake the plows(), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs.Insteadhe got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.

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Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could readthey understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stoneclayor wood symbols for the products they had for sale.

A mediumin advertising talkis the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audioor soundalthough that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originallyjust the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrumentsuch as a bellwere used to get people’s attention.

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1.What probably led to the start of advertising?

AThe discovery of iron.

BThe specialization of labor.

CThe appearance of new jobs.

DThe development of farming techniques.

2.To advertise his plowsMr.Plowright________.

Apraised his plows in public

Bplaced a sign outside the shop

Chung an arrow pointing to the shop

Dshowed his products to the customers

3.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order to________.

Aexplain the origin of advertising

Bpredict the future of advertising

Cexpose problems in advertising

Dprovide suggestions for advertising

4.In ancient Egypta crier was probably someone who ________.

Aowned a ship

Bhad the loudest voice

Cran a shop selling goods to farmers

Dfunctioned like today’s TV or radio commercial

5.The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.

Athe history of advertising

Bthe benefits of advertising

Cthe early forms of advertising

Dthe basic design of advertising

 

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While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into productionBelyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Departmentand insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?

ATo predict a heavy rain.

BTo check the weather forecast.

CTo protect people from the rain.

DTo remind people to take an umbrella.

2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?

AHis creation was inspired by an experience.

BIt rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

CStreet lamps are protected by canopies.

DHe enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

Amotor→canopy→sensors

Bsensors→motor→canopy

Cmotor→sensors→canopy

Dcanopy→motor→sensors

4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?

AIts moving speed.

BIts appearance.

CIts installation.

DIts safety.

5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

AThe designer will open a company to promote his product.

BThe Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

CThe designer is confident that his creation is practical.

DThe Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

 

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It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson’s famous comment that“When two English meettheir first talk is of weather.”Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years agomost commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather­speak.

Bill Brysonfor exampleconcludes thatas the English weather is not at all excitingthe obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that“To an outsiderthe most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simplythe reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.

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1.The author mentions Dr.Johnson’s comment to show that________.

Amost commentators agree with Dr.Johnson

BDr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation

Cthe comment was accurate two hundred years ago

DEnglish conversations usually start with the weather

2.What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?

AA social trend.

BAn emotional state.

CA historical concept.

DAn unknown phenomenon.

3.According to the passageJeremy Paxman believes that________.

ABill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather

Bthere is nothing special about the English weather

Cthe English weather attracts people to the British Isles

DEnglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty

4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?

ATo explain what English weather­speak is about.

BTo analyse misconceptions about the English weather.

CTo find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.

DTo convince people that the English weather is changeable.

 

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