Question

Did you get a flu shot this year？For the first time，the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the flu vaccine.

Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.A weakened form of the germ (病菌) is introduced into the body.The body makes special substances called antibodies (抗体) to fight the germs.If the actual germs were to attack，the antibodies would fight.Because there are many kinds of flu viruses，scientists must create a new vaccine formula (处方) each year.Researchers must make a prediction.

It is like forecasting the weather.Sometimes they are right on，and sometimes they are off.But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types，it can make the illness less serious.

“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine or the measles vaccine，” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”

But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone.There are certain people who should be careful about taking it，because the vaccine is produced in eggs.Those who are allergic (过敏的) to eggs should not take it.If you have a fever，you should wait until you recover.

Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible，because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as low­grade fever and body ache could occur.If they do，they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.

Did you know？Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person.In 1796，English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected material under a boy’s skin.

1.The underlined word “vaccine” (in Para.1) refers to________.

A．virus used for fighting against disease

B．antibody to fight the germs

C．formula to fight against disease

D．germ to be injected into the body

2.By saying “It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.” (in Para.4)，William Schaffner means the flu vaccine________.

A．is as effective as the polio and the measles vaccines

B．is worse，compared with the polio and the measles vaccines

C．does help to make illness less serious

D．is quite good because it works for everyone

3.We can infer from the passage that________.

A．those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccine

B．not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyone

C．you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccine

D．it is possible that some people might get  the flu from the flu shot

4.When people take the flu vaccine，________.

A．they’ll be allergic to eggs

B．their bodies will ache for 5 days

C．they probably have a low fever

D．they won’t catch a flu ever after

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.C

【解析】

1.

解析 词义猜测题。由第二段可知，一种形式受到弱化的病菌被注入体内，人体就会产生抗体。病毒入侵时，抗体就能抗击病毒，因而vaccine是一种注入人体的病菌，故选D项。

2.2】 C

解析 细节理解题。William Schaffner说流感疫苗不像小儿麻痹症疫苗或麻疹疫苗那么有效，后又说它不是一个效果特别好的疫苗，但是效果还不错，也就是说多多少少对疾病会有帮助。

3.3】 B

解析 推理判断题。文章第三段说流感疫苗就像天气预报那样，有的时候能对上正在流行的流感类型，有的时候则对不上。第五段第一句又说疫苗不是对每个人都管用，也就是说流感疫苗并不是对每个人都有效。

4.4】 C

解析 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段可知，注射流感疫苗后，人体可能会有反应，比如发低烧和身体疼痛等，但这些症状在一两天内就可消失。