Life in space will certainly take some getting used to!But the space station has been designed to keep the astronauts as comfortable as possible—the modules(舱) are roomy,bright,and kept at a constant 70 degrees Fahrenheit.It’s important the crew members are comfortable because they’ll be busy aboard the station.In a typical workday,crew members will spend 14 hours working and exercising,1.5 hours preparing and eating meals,and 8.5 hours sleeping.Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station:
Food
Come mealtime,astronauts will have a special dining kitchen.Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth.In early space missions,astronauts could eat only freezedried food that didn’t require any preparation.But the space station is equipped with water,microwave ovens,and refrigerators,allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food,including fruit,vegetables,and ice cream!
Sleep
Each crew member has a private room.With no gravity,they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds,or they will float away!That might sound like a strange way to sleep,but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great!
Exercise
You might not think it,but exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth.There is not much gravity in space.Astronauts don’t stand up,sit down or walk in space,so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth.To fight this,astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes,rowing machines,and other equipment about two hours every day.
Clothing
Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while traveling aboard the U.S.shuttle or Russian rockets.But once they’re safe inside the space station,crew members can wear regular clothing.Of course,a specially designed,pressurized space suit is required for space walks.It has to withstand(经受住) flying pieces and protect the astronauts from dramatic temperature changes.It can range from 120 degrees below Fahrenheit in the shadow of the station to 250 degrees in the hot sun.
Personal Cleanliness
Simple tasks like brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment.A little water doesn’t flow in a stream—it suspends in a bubble!Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(软管) to take showers,shampoo,and wash off—then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water.And how do you go to the bathroom in space?With a special “air toilet” that uses flowing air instead of water to dispose of waste.
1.The facts about life in space are all mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A.clothing B.entertainment
C.sleep D.exercise
2.What can be learned from the paragraph “Clothing”?
A.The temperature is quite different in different places in space.
B.Astronauts must wear special space suits all the time in space.
C.Astronauts can wear regular clothing for space walks now.
D.Astronauts wear pressurized space suits just to keep warm.
3.Why is exercise more important in space than on earth?
A.It can make astronauts feel relaxed in space.
B.It can help astronauts spend their spare time happily.
C.Astronauts’ lives are more important in space than on earth.
D.It can prevent astronauts from causing muscle and bone loss.
4.What do we know about space food from the text?
A.Astronauts could eat apples in space in the past.
B.Astronauts eat only fruit,vegetables and ice cream now.
C.Fresh food isn’t available to astronauts in space.
D.Space food is getting better now than before.
One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City,Calif.,to New Orleans.In the middle of the desert,I came upon a young man standing by the roadside.He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand.I drove right by him.There was a time in the country when you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need.Now you are a fool for helping.With gangs,drug addicts,murderers,rapists,thieves lurking everywhere,“I don’t want to get involved” has become a national motto.
Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker.Leaving him standing in the desert did not bother me so much.What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision.I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator.
Does anyone stop any more?I wondered.I recalled Blanche DuBois’s famous line:“I have always depended on the kindness of strangers”.Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money,relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans.What kind of Americans would he find?Who would feed him,shelter him,carry him down the road?
The idea intrigued me.
The week I turned 37,I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life.So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny.It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar.I would only accept offers of rides,food and a place to rest my head.My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina,a symbol of all the fears I’d have to conquer during the trip.
I rose early on September 6,1994,and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles:“America”.
For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states.As I traveled,folks were always warning me about someplace else.In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming;in Nebraska they said people would not be as nice as in Iowa.Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went.I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger,even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests.
1.Why did the author drive past the young man in the desert without stopping?
A.Because he failed to notice this man.
B.Because he was driving too fast.
C.Because he thought the young man didn’t need help.
D.Because he was afraid of being tricked.
2.What was it that made the author upset?
A.Leaving the young man alone in the desert.
B.Being considered a fool.
C.Making the decision of not offering help so easily.
D.Keeping thinking about the young man.
3.The author decided to travel without a penny in order to ________.
A.find out how long he could survive without help
B.go through the great difficulty in surviving unexpected environment
C.find out whether strangers would offer help to him
D.figure out how strangers thought of his plan
4.The following part might probably ________.
A.describe how he fooled the strangers
B.describe how strangers went out their way to help him
C.explain why people refused to help strangers
D.explain how he overcame his difficulties on the way
If you are ever planning to buy a telescope and want to get yourself involved in astronomy it is always a good idea to know a bit of the sky.Get acquainted with a few constellations(星座) so that it will be easier for you to spot the constellations when you are using your telescope.
It’s a good idea to buy a few magazines on astronomy to help you to get familiar with the constellations in the sky and also read a few reviews on the different types of telescopes in the market.This will help you gather all the information that is out there regarding telescopes and what people have to say about them.
It’s advisable to go in for a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜) before you buy your first telescope so that you can get used to spotting constellations before your view of the sky is narrowed down.This will also help you know if you really want to get involved in astronomy.Many people buy a costly telescope and then discover that they’re not actually interested in astronomy.
Experience has no substitute,and there certainly is nothing better than using different telescopes before you buy one.This will help you to get the feel of all the types of telescopes and you will know which one is easier for you to use.A large aperture(光圈) refractor(折射) may give you an excellent image but you may not be able to keep a steady hand while using it resulting in a blurry image.
There are three types of telescopes that are available in the market.If you want a more elegant looking telescope you can always choose to buy a fine brass telescope.It’s good to become acquainted with each type before going for the plunge of a first telescope.The first type of telescope is the refractor telescope,which uses lenses to gather light to a focus at the eye piece.The use of lenses helps the telescope have a superior image.A refracting telescope is not as portable as the other two types of telescopes and so you will have to buy one with a small aperture.
The second type of telescope is the Reflector.Made by Sir Isaac Newton,this telescope functions by focusing the light back at the front of the tube,which is where the eyepiece sits,by using parabolic(抛物线的) mirrors and another smaller mirror to deflect the light.There is no added color in the image caused by refraction of light since this telescope does not use lenses.These are the cheapest of all telescopes and are more portable than refractors.
1.According to the text,a telescope is intended to be bought for ________.
A.getting experience
B.watching stars
C.studying the climate
D.learning about a bit of the sky
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.One must know something about astronomy and telescopes.
B.One can’t buy a telescope without buying several astronomy magazines.
C.One should check the telescopes in the market and try to find a better one.
D.One must be familiar with new information of astronomy and space instruments.
3.Why does the author advise buying a pair of binoculars first?
A.The telescope is too expensive.
B.The binoculars are easier to use.
C.You may gain plenty of experience in astronomy.
D.Your view will be narrow by using a pair of binoculars.
4.What do we know about the refracting telescope?
A.It looks very elegant.
B.It refracts light by an eye piece.
C.It has clear images without any lenses.
D.It is not convenient to take along for its size.
I grew up one of ten children on a farm in Wyoming.After my dad’s service in World War Ⅱ,he was ____ again to fight during the Korean War,and when he returned home,he couldn’t drink ____ to numb(麻痹) his terrible memories.He struggled to ____ for his growing family.
On our occasional trips to town,I ____ out boxfuls of books from the library.When I opened a book,I could ____ myself in unknown places—where children weren’t hungry and were in ____ of little.
When I wasn’t daydreaming,my ____ was the life I shared with my brothers and sisters.At night I hid under the covers ____ to silence the sounds of life in an alcoholic home.Classmates asked ____ we didn’t have electricity or a telephone.I suppose my explanations were ____ more than lies,but the stories I told improved ____ every book I read.
Starting at a very young age,my siblings(兄弟姐妹) and I sometimes got jobs to earn money—to put more food on the family table.We ____ newspapers,babysat,and cleaned other people’s houses.
Mom grew vegetables,raised chickens,and baked bread,so we seldom went hungry,even when supper was only a pot of beans.____ my real hunger wasn’t for food—it was a hunger for a better life.It was a hunger for knowledge about the world ___ our simple existence.It was a hunger to prove Dad ____ when he told us we would never amount to anything.
Hunger motivated my brothers and sisters to achieve much ____ than our parents expected ___ us.We devoured(如饥似渴地吸取) the offerings of the public schools because we realized that ____ would be our steppingstone into a brighter future.
Now I’m ____ of the accomplishments of my siblings:an art professor;a wellknown doctor;plus business owners.And me,I’m the keeper of the family stores.I’ll never know if we would have so many accumulated successes if we had not known ____ as children.But this I do know:I believe it can be a good thing.
1.A.drafted B.dismissed
C.invited D.involved
2.A.well B.plenty
C.enough D.heavily
3.A.search B.provide
C.hope D.leave
4.A.brought B.checked
C.gave D.carried
5.A.remind B.help
C.devote D.find
6.A.memory B.favor
C.possession D.need
7.A.reality B.fantasy
C.satisfaction D.affection
8.A.refusing B.pretending
C.attempting D.preparing
9.A.whether B.how
C.when D.why
10.A.something B.anything
C.nothing D.everything
11.A.as B.with
C.for D.at
12.A.sent B.delivered
C.published D.released
13.A.But B.And
C.Then D.Otherwise
14.A.above B.around
C.within D.beyond
15.A.right B.mean
C.wrong D.nice
16.A.more B.further
C.greater D.better
17.A.in B.for
C.of D.on
18.A.ambition B.dream
C.enthusiasm D.education
19.A.hunger B.suffering
C.desperation D.poverty
20.A.fond B.proud
C.aware D.confident
I finally got a photo with my favorite movie star.Never in all my life ________ so happy!
A.did I feel B.I felt
C.I had felt D.had I felt
Chery,a car maker in Anhui province,sold nearly 700,000 units in 2011,with the total value ________ it was in 2005.
A.more than three times what
B.three more times than that
C.over three times than what
D.over three times of that