Special trees that grow faster, fight pollution, produce better wood, and even sense chemical attacks are being planted by scientists in the US.
When 40 per cent of Hawaii's US$14 million-a-year papaya (木瓜)industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered(转基因的)trees.
Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resist the virus.Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.Some researchers put special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood.Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper.
The Pentagon (五角大楼) even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year after they developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a chemical attack.So far, the poplar, eucalyptus (杨树与桉树), apple and coffee trees are among those being engineered.All this can be done today because we have a better understanding of tree genomes (基因组).
However, some people fear that the genetically engineered trees will cause dangerous results.They are worried that the new trees will breed with natural species and change the balance of the forest environment.
“It could be destructive,” said Jim Diamond, an environmentalist. “Trees are what is left of our natural environment and home to many endangered species.”
But researchers insist that science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.They hope to answer the critics by stopping the new trees from breeding, so their effect on the environment can be controlled.
1.Which kind of tree is not the ones that scientists are planting in the US?
A.Trees that worms can't hurt.
B.Genetically engineered trees.
C.Trees that can resist wind better.
D.Trees that can protect themselves at a chemical attack.
2.What caused the American scientists to work on special trees?
A.Tree genomes are mapped out so scientists know how to improve trees.
B.Great numbers of trees have been lost due to attacks by viruses.
C.Researchers successfully introduced seeds designed to resist the virus.
D.They think science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.
3.Which of the following was probably the first kind of trees being engineered?
A.Papaya. B.Pine. C.Apple. D.Poplar.
4.Why did critics think engineered trees dangerous? Because ________.
A.these trees can destroy the balance of nature
B.everything except trees has been genetically engineered
C.trees are home to many endangered species
D.these trees may affect normal trees
A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo(接受) testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue(疲劳).
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
1.How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
A. By sounding a warning.
B. By touching the wristband.
C. By checking the driving time.
D. By pressing the steering wheel.
2.We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ________
A. about 400 milliseconds B. below 500 milliseconds
C. over 500 milliseconds D. about 4 minutes
3.When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.
A. moves more regularly
B. stops working properly
C. opens the window for the driver
D. sounds more frequently and loudly
4.According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents
B. has gone through testing at laboratories
C. aims to prevent drivers from sleeping
D. has been on sale for 12 months
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry.Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water.Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (球场) in good condition.This causes major environmental effects.For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports.Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse.Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit.If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones.Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials.But the final goal should be “green gyms”.They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers.Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces.There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.And best of all, it’s free.
1.The author thinks the golf is resource-hungry because of the following EXCEPT that ________.
A.Golf wastes large areas of countryside
B.Golf runs out of much water
C.Golf is bad for people’s health
D.Keeping golf court in good condition needs too much energy
2.According to the passage, which of the following is an environment-friendly sport?
A.hiking in the hills B.swimming in the pool
C.playing basketball in the gym D.motor racing in the desert
3.The reason why the author uses power walking as an example mainly is that ________.
A.it improves our health B.it is an outdoor sport
C.it is recommended by experts D. it uses fewer resources
4.The passage is developed mainly by ________.
A.examples and explanation B.comparison and persuasion
C.facts and descriptions D.figures and conclusion
Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children. And they must have how difficult it is to write a children's book. Either the author has aimed too . , so that the children can't follow what is in his (or more often, her) story, the story seems to be talking to the readers.
The best children's books are very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the who hears the story and the adult who it. Unfortunately, there are in fact books like this, the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not to solve.
This may be why many of books regarded as of children's literature were in fact written for . “Alice's Adventure in Wonderland” is perhaps the most of this.
Children, left for themselves, often the worst possible interest in literature. Just leave a child in bookshop or and he will more willingly choose the books in an imaginative way, or have a look at most children's comics ( 连环画 ), full of the stories and jokes to which both teachers and right-thinking parents .
Perhaps we parents should stop trying to persuade children into our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the books. So I suppose we'll just have to compromise(妥协) over that bedtime story.
1.A.hoped B. realized C. told D. said
2.A.short B. long C. bad D. good
3.A. easy B. short C. high D. difficult
4.A. and B. but C. or D. so
5.A. both B. neither C. either D. very
6.A. child B. father C. mother D. teacher
7.A. hears B. buys C. understands D. reads
8.A. few B. many C. little D. much
9.A. but B. however C. so D. because
10.A.hard B. easy C. enough D. fast
11.A.articles B. work C. arts D. works
12.A. adults B. girls C. boys D. children
13.A. difficult B. hidden C. obvious D. easy
14.A. are B. show C. find D. add
15.A. library B. school C. home D. office
16.A. read B. designed C. printed D. written
17.A. favor B. interest C. object D. read
18.A.receiving B. accepting C. having D. refusing
19.A.same B. friendly C. different D. common
20.A.common B. average C. different D. same
If _______, I bet, Milinski will burst into tears.
A. praising B. praised C. being praised D. having praised
Shortly after the book Uncle Tom's Cabin________, the Civil War of America________.
A.came about; broke away B.came on; broke up
C.came out; broke out D.came up; broke down