Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
1.Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
A. Top managers. B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.
2.The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
3.Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?
A. The University of Chicago. B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University.
Photographs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents，photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish them in books and on the Internet.
1.The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to .
A. beauties B. photos C. goods D. events
2.The photos of the small children by Hine show us that photos .
A. are also works of art
B. are popular ways of reporting news
C. often shock the public
D. can serve as a force for social change
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. News with pictures is encouraging.
B. Photos help people improve their life
C. News photos mean history in a sense.
D. People prefer reading news with pictures.
4.The text is mainly about .
A. telling the story through pictures
B. decorating the walls of homes
C. publishing historical papers
D. expressing feeling through pictures
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting be around? What had held him back before?
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing. I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his mew home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.
1.Why did the author feel bitter about her father when she was a young adult?
A. He was silent most of the time.
B. He was too proud of himself.
C. He did not love his children.
D. He expected too much of her.
2.When the author went out with her father on weekends, she would feel ________.
A. nervous B. sorry C. tired D. safe
3.What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A. More critical. B. More talkative
C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hard-working.
4.The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to ________.
A. the author’s son B. the author’s father
C. the friend of the author’s father D. the café owner
It was already late when we set out for the next town, according to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the
There we felt that we would find a bed the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that the hills. As we climbed , it became colder and rain began to fall, it difficult at times to see the road. I asked John, my companion, to drive more .
After we had traveled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was on the map. We were beginning to get . Then without warning the car stopped. A quick showed that we had run out of petrol. Although we had little food with us, we decided to the night in the car.
Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, John, who was a sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk the hills. Soon he came back. From the top of the hill he had seen, in the valley below, the of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded all our luggage and with a great effort, to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. less than a quarter of an hour we were in the town, where we found a quite easily.
1.A. which B. it C. where D. that
2.A. rivers B. villages C. towns D. hills
3.A. surprised B. sure C. pleased D. afraid
4.A. at B. in C. through D. for
5.A. everybody B. somebody C. nobody D. anybody
6.A. got to B. arrived C. led to D. belonged to
7.A. taller B. faster C. lower D. higher
8.A. getting B. thinking C. causing D. making
9.A. certainly B. slowly C. carefully D. surely
10.A. set B. marked C. built D. drawn
11.A. worried B. excited C. cold D. warm
12.A. attention B. operation C. examination D. information
13.A. live B. spend C. spare D. stay
14.A. since B. though C. so D. but
15.A. poor B. fast C. quick D. heavy
16.A. across B. through C. down D. up
17.A. map B. lights C. bus D. situation
18.A. ought B. tried C. managed D. succeeded
19.A. For B. In C. Since D. At
20.A. hotel B. friend C. policeman D. cinema
–The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled.
–Oh, no! ______.
A. It’s a pity B. It doesn’t matter
C. I knew it already D. It’s not interesting at all
Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ______ ?
A. doesn’t she B. does she C． is he D．isn’t he
