Direction: For this part, you are required to write a short essay entitled Harmfulness of Fake Products following the outline given below. You should write within 120 words.
市场商品丰富，但假冒商品频现；
假冒商品的危害
应对假冒商品的措施。
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit.
Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back the the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a larger store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain directly. In a chain store, ask to see the manager.
Even the bravest person finds it difficult to complain face to face, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not satisfied with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive.
If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to replace or repair the faulty article. You may find this an attractive solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have suffered some special loss, if for example a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper offers you a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops but you would rather have money, say no. If you accept a credit note remember that later you will not be able to ask for your money. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you, ask for advice from your Citizens’ Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money back---if, for example, he changes an article simply because you don’t like it or it does not fit. He does not have to take back the goods in these circumstances.
1.When making a complaint, what had better you take with to see the person in charge?(No more than 8 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________.
2.What are you advised to do if you are embarrassed to make a face-to-face complaint? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________.
3.If you have not used the goods you make the complaint about, what are you likely to do?(No more than 14 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________.
4.In what circumstance will you not get your money back? (No more than 7 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________.
Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
We know that in many cases things aren’t personal, but we tend to think that things are about us, whether good or bad. For instance, when your friends go on a night out without inviting you, you probably get upset and end up shouting at them. If you tend to take things so personally, then this will be upsetting you and damaging your self-respect--- and it might also be putting unnecessary stress on your relationships. So it’s important for us to take some steps to stop taking things so personally.
Firstly, assess the situation more logically. Don’t give in to your immediate emotional reaction---rather take a step back and think about what has happened. For instance, if you’re upset because weren’t invited to an event, then think it like this: Was it an event that they maybe thought you wouldn’t be interested in? Or was it an event that perhaps they didn’t think you could make? When you step back and stop being egocentric(以自我为中心）, then you’ll easily see many other possible reasons for your not being invited.
Also don’t blame yourself. Sometimes, the person does mean to be critical and rude. However, you can view this as their problem and not as something you’ve done wrong. If someone you know is regularly acting badly towards you, it may even be that they feel threatened by you because they’re impressed by you--- actually that’s a compliments(褒扬）in a way.
Focusing on the positive is also important. Our friends say countless nice things about us on an average day and this helps to slowly develop our self-confidence. If someone has given us 20 compliment and one insult, then why should this damage our self-confidence? If you’re feeling low, try to think back to the positive things that have been said to you.
Title: Taking Things Too Personally
1.___________. | Tending to think things are about oneself though they’re not personal. | |
Examples | Getting upset and angry when you aren’t 2._______ to join in a group activity. | |
3._________ | Upsetting one and 4.________________ | |
Affecting your relationships with others | ||
Solutions | 5.____________ | Not 6.________ immediately before thinking about it |
Thinking without being egocentric about the possible7._______ of the incident. | ||
8.__________ | Viewing other’s rude criticism as their problem | |
Regarding other’s 9.__________ towards you as a compliment. | ||
Focusing on the positive | Protecting our self-confidence from being damaged by an occasional insult | |
10._____ things our friends said to us when feeling down. |
We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.
1.According to the passage, “population as a global issue” ____.
A. is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesn’t need our concern
B. focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growth
C. deals with the same problem aroused by the population problem
D. will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives
2.It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that _____.
A. too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beings
B. the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of Earth
C. demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downs
D. it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually
3.What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?
A. Species competition B. Low fertility C. Tribal fights D. High rate of death
4.The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that ______.
A. people are permitted to have more children
B. people can live better than before
C. newborn babies die less than before
D. we have found the secret of longevity
5.How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?
A. Eighty million. B. Eight thousand
C. Fifty thousand D. Five million
On the high-speed train Avignon to Paris, my husband and I landed in the only remaining seats on the train, in the middle of a car, directly opposite a Frenchwoman of middle years. It was an extremely uncomfortable arrangement to be looking straight into the eyes of a stranger. My husband and I pulled out books. The woman produced a large makeup case and made up her face. Except for a lunch break, she continued this activity for the entire three-hour trip. Every once in a while she surveyed the car with a bright-eyed glance, but never once did she catch my eye. My husband and I could have been a blanket wall.
I was amused, but some people would have felt uncomfortable , even repulsed(厌恶的）.there is something about making up in public that calls up strong emotional reactions. Partly it’s a question of hygiene. And it’s a matter of degree. Making up --- a private act--- has a way of neglecting the presence of others. I was once seated at a party with a model-actress who immediately waved a silly brush and began dusting her face at the table, demonstrating that while she was next to me, she was not with me.
In fact, I am generally prohibited from making up in public, except when I am in the company of cosmetics moment. In a gathering more professional than social, I would do so.
Kathy Peiss, a history professor at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst says that nose-powdering in the office was an occasion for outrage in 1920’s and 30’s. Deploring the practice as a waste of company time, trade journals advises managers to discourage it among workers. Peiss theorizes that it was female’s making up in what has been an all-male field that disturb some gentlemen.
Peiss tells me that after the 30’s , pulling out a make-up case was no longer an issue. It became an accepted practice. I asked if she feels free to apply lipstick at a professional lunch herself. Sounding mildly shocked, she says she would save that for the privacy of her car afterward. Why? Because it would be “a gesture of inappropriate feminity(女性化）.” One guess is that most professional women feel this way. There is evidence of the popularity of the new lipsticks that remain in place all day without retouching.
1.According to the author, “My husband and I could have been a blanket wall.” (Line 6, Para.1) most probably means “________”.
A. We were treated with an expressionless face.
B. We looked at the French woman expressionlessly
C. We used books as a wall to avoid the woman’s eyes
D. We were of no existence in the French woman’s eyes
2.In the author’s opinion, she _______.
A. allows public making up on certain occasions
B. feels comfortable when making up in public
C. only makes up on social occasions
D. makes up before any professional gatherings
3.According to Peiss, nose powdering in an office was criticized mainly for the reason that ____.
A. normal office work was disturbed
B. it discouraged women’s interest in career
C. make dominance was emphasized there
D. it distracted make workers’ focus on work
4.Why do most professional women give up using lipsticks in public?
A. Because they are worried about being looked down upon
B. Because it emphasizes their female features in wrong situations
C. Because it implies women’s disadvantages in academic fields
D. Because they are ashamed to be seen making up in front of males/
5.It can be inferred that in a highly open society, the differences between men and women ______.
A. have attracted little attention
B. hinder the social development
C. are attractive topics in talk shows
D. still call for great concern
How can we measure animals’ emotions? A new study of animal’s emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol University’s professor Mike Mendl was published online.
An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者）will develop a negative emotion or “mood”, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state.
The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animal’s experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a “pessimistic” response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit from a more “optimistic” response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物）.
Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol University’s School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, “ We can use “optimistic” or “pessimistic”decision-making as a symbol of an animal’s emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.”
“Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives,” Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendl’s study can help them to better understand and assess an animal’s emotions.
1.When an animal is in a negative mood state, _______.
A. its response to an unclear event is pessimistic
B. it will pay little attention to an unclear event
C. it is easy for it to make right decisions
D. it has more opportunities to get food
2.The underlined word “meritorious” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_______”.
A. valuable B. useless C. fashionable D. hopeless
3.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. the animals with positive emotions live longer
B. there is no way to assess an animal’s emotions
C. few people care about animal welfare nowadays
D. the environment can influence animal’s emotions
4.Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animal’s emotions in order to _____.
A. tell people to build more protected areas for animals
B. explain animals should be regarded as people’s friends
C. raise people’s interest in studying animals
D. make people know how to treat animals properly
5.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Different kinds of Animals’ Emotions
B. Emotions Helps Animals to Make Choice
C. The Living Environment of Wild Animals
D. The Best Way to Measure Animals’ Emotions
