These young men were a different kind of prisoner from those we had seen before. They- were brave, hostile（怀敌意的）and＿1__ they would not take orders, and shouted "Amandla！”at every opportunity. Their instinct was to confront（对抗）rather than cooperate. The authorities② did not know how to handle them, and they turned the island upside down. During the Rivonia Trial, I remarked to a security policeman that if the government did not reform itself, the freedom fighters who would take our place③would some-day make the authorities miss us. That day had indeed come on Robben Island.
In these young men we saw the angry revolutionary spirit of the times. I had had some warning. On a visit with Winnie a few months before, she had managed to tell me through our coded conversation that there was a rising class of discontented youths④ who were violent and Africanist in beliefs. She said they were changing the nature of the struggle and that I should be aware of them.
The new prisoners were shocked by what they considered the inhuman conditions of the island, and said that they could not understand how we could live in such a way. We told them that they should have seen the island in 1964. But they were almost as sceptical of us as they were of the authorities. They chose to ignore our calls for discipline and thought our advice weak and unassertive（不果断）．
It was obvious that they regarded us, the Rivonia Trialists⑤，as moderates⑥（温和派）． After so many years of being branded a radical（激进的）revolutionary, to be seen as a moderate was a novel and not altogether pleasant feeling. I knew that I could react in one of two ways：I could scold them for their disrespect or I could listen to what they were saying. I chose the latter.
'then some of these men, such as Strini Moodley of the South African Students' Organization and Saths Cooper of the Black People's Convention, came into our section, I __2____
Shortly after their arrival on the island, the commanding officer came and asked me as a favour to address the young men. He wanted me to tell them to behave themselves, to recognize the fact that they were in prison and to accept the discipline of prison life．I told him that I was not prepared to do that. Under the circumstances, they would have regarded me as a follower of the authorities.
(-adapted from "Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson Mandela')
1.Which of the following words fits best in Blank 1？
A. mild B．aggressive C. friendly D. optimistic
2.We may infer from the passage all of the following EXCEPT that＿
A. an angry massive revolution was probably on its way
B．the author's activities were strictly monitored
C．many were concerned about the influence these young men could make
D. these young men were willing to cooperate in face of difficulties
3.Sentences are missing in Blank 2 regarding the author's following reactions. Which of the following reactions do you think he would have?
A. "I" asked them to tell us about their movement and beliefs.
B．"I" reported to the officers about their dissatisfaction.
C. "I" tried to calm them down and talked them into behaving.
D. "I" just turned a deaf ear to the young men.
4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Conditions of the prison were far more unsatisfactory in 1964.
B．Officers of the prison turned the island upside down to discipline the young men.
C. The Rivonia Trialists felt honored to be regarded as moderates.
D. The young men regarded the author as a follower of the authorities.
5.Several phrases have been underlined and numbered in the passage; which two of them actually refer to the same people?
A.①② B.③④ C.⑤③ D.⑥①
A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.
1.The main idea of this passage is that＿·
A. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy
B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China
C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China
D. a new study finds different particulates in South China
2.According to Greenstone,＿greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.
A. power stations B. construction sites
C. the free heating policy D. gases from vehicles
3.It is implied in the passage that＿·
A. coal is no longer used for heating in North China
B．air quality was comparatively better in South China
C. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s
D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980
4.The underlined word "particulates" most probably means＿．
A. dirty clouds B. particular smoke
C. harmful dust D. dangerous bacteria
"Extra? Extra！Gasoline hits four dollars a gallon!”
No one will really be shocked一except, perhaps, the old-timers who tell about the good old days when gas was three gallons for a dollar, and people drove around "just for the fun of it".
As a matter of fact; the price of gas has been rising fast and steadily for several years, and many adjustments have already been made.
There was, for a time, considerable unemployment in the auto industry, and three quarters of the garages and service stations have gone out of business. However; the bicycle and motor-scooter business has flourished（兴旺); and many people have found employment there: Now that Federal Motors has brought out its new Lilliput, which travels forty miles on a gallon, the auto business is picking up again. The factories that haven't switched over to two-wheel transportation are working on their new smaller models. There is talk, too, about bringing out new steam and electric automobiles that will be just as economical as the old cars.
In the meantime, streetcars are gradually replacing buses all over the country because of the greater economy of electric power. And many people who have seldom used public transportation are now riding the streetcars while their automobiles rust（生锈）in their garages. There's no market at all for their big, luxurious cars, for only the wealthy can now afford to operate them. Many people are now shopping in their own neighborhood, and small businesses are thriving.
Ministers, educators, and editorial writers are pointing out that there has been a great improvement in family life. Families now stay at home more for their fun, and children and parents are becoming better acquainted. The stores report a booming business in parlor games, hobby materials, books, musical instruments and albums.
People have lost their pale indoor look. The revival of the lost art of walking has brought a healthy pink back to many a cheek. This return to the heels has revolutionized the clothing styles; people now need to be ready for all kinds of weather:
These conditions, however, may not last. Already our clever chemists are at work on new synthetic fuels which, they say, will put us right back where we were一on wheels. Shall w e wish them success or not?
1.Which of the following is NOT a result of the gas price rising?
A. More people prefer to travel on public transportation which costs less than driving cars.
B. People return to the traditional exercise of walking, which helps them to look healthier.
C. People shop in nearby stores without having to drive, so small businesses are declining.
D. The auto industry has been forced to develop new models which are more economical.
2.The purpose of writing this passage is＿．
A. to show the chain reaction of the rising gas price
B. to discuss whether it's necessary to work on new fuels
C. to warn people not to use too much gasoline
D. to picture what life will be like if gas runs out
3.What is the best title for this passage?
A. New fuels on the way
B. Cars or bicycles, that is a question
C. End of the good old days
D. From wheels to heels
Cliff House
Top of the world
Near the North Pole
Christmas, 1925
My dear boys,
I am dreadfully busy this year一it makes my hand more shaky than ever when I think of it一and not very rich; in fact awful things have been happening, and some of the presents have got spoilt, and I haven't got the North Polar Bear to help me, and I have had to move house just before Christmas, so you can imagine what a state everything is in, and you will see why I have a new address, and why I can only write one letter between you both．
|K] It all happened like this: one very windy day last November my hood blew off and went and stuck on the top of the North Pole. I told him not to, but the North Polar Bear climbed up to the thin top to get it down一and he did. The pole broke in the middle and fell on the roof of my house, and the North Polar Bear fell through the hole it made into the dining room with my hood over his nose, and all the snow fell off the roof into the house and melted and put out all the fires and ran down into the cellars where I was collecting this year's presents, and the North Polar
Bear's leg got broken.
He is well again now, but I was so cross with him that he says he won't try to help me again一I expect his temper is hurt, and will be mended by next Christmas.
I send you a picture of the accident and of my new house on the cliffs above the North Pole(with beautiful cellars in the cliffs).
That's all. Good Bye！
1.Why can the writer only write one letter to the two boys?
A. His hand is more shaky than ever.
B. He is extremely busy.
C. He has got a new address.
D. He has to help the North Polar Bear.
2.Which of the following is most likely to be the picture of the accident?
3.The underlined "him'，refers to
A. the hood B．the pole C. the hale D. the bear
Children have lost touch with nature and the outdoors in just one generation! Recently a campaign encouraging children to put away - and play outside has been organized. The campaign, said to be the biggest _____, has been launched with the ______of a documentary film, Project Wild Thing. It tells the story of how, ______ an attempt to get his daughter and son outside, film-maker David Bond______ as marketing director for nature. The call to renew a__＿with nature comes from about 400 organizations, from playgroups to the National Health Service. Children are being ____to take back their "wild time",__＿30 minutes of screen use for outdoor activities. The organizers____that giving up 30 minutes of television and computer games each day in exchange for outdoor playwill increase the __＿of fitness and alertness and improve children's well-being.
According to the chairman Andy Simpson, right now, time spent outdoors is ___,activity levels are declining and the ability to identify common species has been ____ "With many more parents becoming ____ the dominance（统治地位）of screen time in their children's lives, and growing scientific evidence that a decline in____ time is bad news for the health and happiness of our children, we all need to become marketing directors for nature. We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a ____，”said Mr. Simpson.
In Mr. Bond's opinion, the reasons why kids, ____ they live in cities or the countryside, have become ____from nature and the outdoors are complex. " We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine, ____ this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted. It's all about finding ____ on your doorstep and discovering the sights, sounds and ____ of nature一maybe in a back garden, a local park, or just green space at the end of the road."
1.A. subjects B. screens C. stages D. scenes
2.A. ever B. likely C. then D. even
3.A. outcome B. direction C. exposure D. release
4.A. by B. on C. for D. in
5.A. behaves B. acts C. treats D. regards
6.A. connection B. commitment C．contract D. campaign
7.A. pulled B. forced C. urged D. warned
8.A. providing B. taking C. swapping D. preparing
9.A. allow B. admit C. acquire D. argue
10.A. amounts B. levels C. degrees D. standards
11.A. down B. up C. over ． D. off
12.A. developed B. shown C. tested D. lost
13.A. delighted with B. guilty of C. concerned about D. desperate for
14.A. free B. active C. spare D. normal
15.A. go B. bit C. look D. fit
16.A. while B. though C. as D. whether
17.A. escaped B. disconnected C. suffered D. protected
18.A. freeing B. forbidding C. seeking D. serving
19.A. imagination B. fortune C. wildness D. solution
20.A. senses B. voices C. features D. smells
一One cannot achieve anything by sitting around and talking about it.
一I can't agree more.＿．That's why Johnson failed to get into college.
A. A book is a garden carried in the pocket.
B. An old pan is the one that makes good food.
C. A roaring lion kills no game.
D. A bad workman always blames his tools.
